Abstract: The invention relates to a method for rough-honing the peripheral surface (3) of a bore (2). According to said method, a honing tool (5) is introduced into the bore (2), the longitudinal axis (MB) of the bore (2) before rough-honing comprising an off-set (s) relative to the finished bore (2). Said off-set (s) is evened out during rough-honing.

Abstract: The speech intelligibility of an audio signal of unchanged volume is improved by raising the total audio signal by a constant factor and lowering the amplitude of this raised signal by a high-pass filter. The corner frequency fc of the high-pass filter is adjusted such that the output amplitude of the audio signal at the end of the processing segment is equal or proportional to the input amplitude of the audio signal.

Abstract: An adaptive equalizer comprises a trellis decoder; a mapper coupled to the output of the trellis decoder; and a decision feedback equalizer coupled to the output of the mapper. Each of the taps receives as input via the mapper output from a different one of the stages of the trellis decoder.

Abstract: In a ring-shaped MOST network installed in a motor vehicle, several units are linked to one another by several linkage sections. They function as data source, data sink, or transceiver. At least some of the units have two or more transceiver modules. To relieve the processors of such units with more than one transceiver module, only one network controller is present in such a unit for all its transceiver modules.

Abstract: A system for decoding an electrical input signal includes a filter that impresses a variable gain on a portion of the input signal to deemphasize a spectral region of the input signal. The variable gain is set as a function of a variable gain control signal. A frequency detector generates the variable gain control signal in accordance with a frequency value wherein approximately one-half of the energy of the input signal is below the frequency value.

Abstract: A method and device for interpolating a pixel of an interline of a first field in a sequence of interlaced fields includes selecting at least one first pixel and one second pixel from scan lines of the first field adjacent the interline, and a third pixel from a second field temporally preceding or following the first field. The image position of the third pixel corresponds to the image position of the pixel to be interpolated. Also selected are fourth and fifth pixels which lie vertically adjacent the third pixel in the second field. A first filter value is generated by low-pass filtering the at least one first and second image information values. A second filter value is generated by high-pass filtering the third, fourth and fifth image information values. An image information value of the interpolated pixel is generated using the first and second filter values.

Abstract: A DFE comprises a trellis decoder and a plurality of sub-filter pipelines. Each of the plurality of sub-filter pipelines is fed intermediate decoded symbols of one of the stages in a trace-back chain of a current decoding bank. The DFE output is formed by summing the plurality of sub-filter pipelines.

Abstract: In detecting the time at which a rotating object passes a given angular position, a value range of an angular position sensor output signal which varies relatively rapidly with angular position acts as a trip threshold that, when exceeded, indicates the object has achieved the detected angular position. A relatively rapid change as a function of angular position is determined by reference to the functional dependence of the detection signal level on the angular position of the object. Assuming the sensor signal varies sinusoidally with the object's angular position, the ranges in which the level of the sensor output signal varies rapidly with angular position lie in the vicinity of the angular positions at which the sensor output signal crosses its own mean value, the threshold value being chosen near this mean value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for monitoring and position determination of objects and/or living beings within an area, such as, e.g. a room in a building or a road tunnel. The system comprises a plurality of identification tags equipped with an ultrasonic receiver and radio transmitter which is attached to the objects that have to be monitored. The identification tags receive ultrasonic signals whose arrival time they measure. This information together with the identification tags'ID code are transmitted by radio waves to a central unit which calculates the position of each of the identification tags.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure transmitter for an overload-proof pressure gauge, comprising a base body, a separating membrane disposed on a pressure-sensitive side of the pressure transmitter and subjectable to a pressure to be measured, a communicating chamber located inside said base body, which receives a pressure transmission medium, said chamber being closed on the pressure-sensitive side by the separating membrane, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the pressure transmission medium is established in such a way that a temperature-induced change in the volume of the communicating chamber equals a temperature-induced change in the volume of the pressure transmission medium.

Abstract: A DC voltage transformer includes an oscillator, which can be controlled in terms of a characteristic such as its phase and/or frequency, and a modulation circuit that provides a periodic or random control signal to the oscillator. A power switch is connected in series with an inductance between two power supply potentials, the power switch being switched between open and closed states. A first smoothing capacitor is connected directly between the two power supply potentials, and a second smoothing capacitor is arranged in series with a Zener diode, with both the capacitor and diode being connected in parallel with the main terminals of the power switch. A modulated reference signal form the oscillator is connected to the control input of the power switch. The modulation of the reference signal can be of any type, for example a periodic modulation that is a periodic variation of the phase and/or the period of the reference signal made possible by for example a sine wave.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for monitoring and position determination of objects and/or living beings within an area, such as, e.g. a room in a building. The system comprises a plurality of electronic units, called identification tags, which are attached to the objects that have to be monitored. Each identification tag has its own identification code (ID code) and is equipped with an ultrasonic transmitter, radio transmitter and radio receiver. The ultrasonic signals are received by one or more master and slave units which calculate transit time differences of ultrasonic pulses. This information together with the identification tags' ID code, identification of the room in which it is located, and any additional information are transmitted to a central processing unit which calculates the identification tag's position and presents it to a user of the system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a clock generator comprised of a system clock input (2) for applying a high-frequency system clock signal, of a digital input (3) for applying a settable digital increment value, of an adder (6) for adding the increment value with the feedback digital cumulative value of the adder, of an output register (13) for outputting the highest-order data bit of the digital cumulative value as an output clock signal of the clock generator (1) over an output clock line, and of a digital phase deviation calculating unit (30) for calculating the phase deviation of the output clock signal according to the remaining low-order data bits of the digital cumulative value and of the digital increment value, whereby the phase deviation is output as a digital phase deviation value to a digital data output (29).

Abstract: A method for obtaining an increased update rate in an indoor acoustic positioning system for determining the position of one or more identification tags, comprising transmitting from an identification tag an acoustic spread spectrum sequence that is unique to the identification tag, receiving the spread spectrum sequence in a detector unit and recording the arrival time of the spectrum sequence, and comparing the spectrum sequence with stored values of the spectrum sequences used by all the identification tags in the positioning system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compensation circuit (1–6) to compensate nonlinear distortions of an A/D converter comprising a signal input and a compensation system. In order to avoid the high costs related to the complex analog design of the A/D converter and/or the high energy consumption in this converter and compensation system, it is proposed that a compensation circuit be used that is composed of digital circuit elements that are connected following the A/D converter and which has a nonlinearly distorted output signal of the A/D converter supplied to it to compensate the nonlinear distortion. Adaptive coefficients are preferably employed here for the compensation.

Abstract: A field-effect transistor used as a sensor for measuring a gas or ion concentration utilizes a surface structure such as rings along with surface profiling, for example elevations of the rings and depressions therebetween, to decrease the surface conductivity between a guard ring and the FET, to thereby increase the concentration rise per unit time of a gas signal and increase the time for a potential on a channel region of the FET to approximate the potential on a guard ring. The rings, which may be arranged around the FET structure, may be defined by a surface material different from the remaining surface material and thus having different surface conductivities. The surface profiling, together with the rings, can be utilized to increase an amount of time that may describe the equalization of the channel region potential to the guard ring potential. The elevations may have a surface conductivity different from, for example smaller than, that of the depressions.

Abstract: To display a navigation map for a navigation device more accurately and realistically and with less memory capacity, roads, railroad lines, rivers, lakes, and similar cartographic parameters are composed not of straight lines but of Cornu spirals. A Cornu spiral is defined by its curvature and its length.

Abstract: A digital equalizer for interpreting a digital signal including convolutionally encoded symbols and synchronization symbols outside the convolutional code comprises a combined trellis encoder and DFE. The synchronization symbols are re-inserted into the input of the DFE in order to restore time domain continuity created by removal of the synchronization symbols.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data from a sensor (1) to a receiver (4) in which each original data word is split in positional fashion into at least two separate short data words (MSN, LSN). The separate short data words (MSN, LSN) are each converted by digital-to-analog conversion (15) into an analog pseudosignal and transmitted in a multiplex mode via an output of the sensor and a transmission path (3) to the receiver (4). In the receiver, the analog pseudosignals are converted back into short data words (MSN, LSM) and joined together in correct bit sequence by means of an analog-to-digital converter (15), so that the resulting data word corresponds to the original word.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for converting a digital, pulse-coded signal (PCM) to a pulse-width-modulated signal (PWM), wherein the digital signal PCM, f(t) is multiplied by at least one derivative (f?(t), f?(t), . . . , f(n) (t)) of the signal (f(t)). The invention also relates to a technique for converting a digital pulse-coded signal (PCM) to a pulse-width-modulated signal (PWM), wherein to obtain a sampling rate sufficient for the pulse-width-modulated signal an oversampling of the digital signal is implemented with a first oversampling factor before the conversion and an second oversampling factor after the conversion, such that the product of the oversampling factors before and after conversion of the digital signal to the pulse-width-modulated signal corresponds at least to the value of the required oversampling factor.