Abstract: The electrophotographic toner according to the present invention comprises a binder resin, a colorant, and a negative charge control agent. The binder resin is polyester and/or polyol. The negative charge control agent comprises components which are (1) sulfonic-acid containing monomers, (2) aromatic monomers having electron-withdrawing groups, and (3) acrylate monomers and/or methacrylate monomers. In particular, substituted phenyl maleimides and substituted phenyl itaconimides are prefereably used as the aromatic monomers. Moreover, n-butyl (meth)acrylates and 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylates are prefereably used as the acrylate monomers and/or methacrylate monomers.

Abstract: A mask defect repair system which repairs, by irradiating a particle beam, a defect on a mask made of a transparent substrate and a mask material formed on the substrate, includes an imaging beam irradiation unit for two-dimensionally scanning and irradiating the beam for imaging on a surface of the mask, a detector for detecting a first intensity distribution of secondary particles emitted from the surface of the mask by irradiation of the beam for imaging, an image processing unit for performing image processing of at least part of the first intensity distribution of the secondary particles to prepare a second intensity distribution, an image display unit for displaying the first and second intensity distributions as an image, an external input unit for setting, on the image, a desired region to be processed with the beam, an irradiation region determination unit for determining, on the desired region to be processed, a beam irradiation region on the basis of the second intensity distribution, a repair beam