Abstract: The concentration of Phase II sodium tripolyphosphate in the sodium tripolyphosphate produced by spray drying a feed liquor comprising sodium orthophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate or mixture thereof, is increased to at least 90% by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate product, by seeding the feed liquor with Phase II material. Phase II yield is further increased by introducing with the feed liquor, in addition to the Phase II seed material, a minor amount of sodium sulfate. Hydrolysis of the Phase II seed is minimized by concentrating the Phase II seed in feed liquor in a separate feed tank at a lower temperature than the main feed line. Dispersing the Phase II seed in water, a dilute soda ash solution or an inert organic liquid and then injecting the dispersion into the feed liquor into the spray dryer promotes good contact between the seed and feed.

Abstract: In the process of oxidizing phenol to p-benzoquinone with a bivalent copper ion catalyst, the improvement of promoting the catalyst with a base to obtain improved conversion and/or selectivity. The preferred bases used are alkali metal hydroxides and phenates and secondary and tertiary lower alkyl amines.

Abstract: Acetoxyacetophenone is the predominant product when phenyl acetate, acetic acid and acetic anhydride are reacted in the presence of palladium and a gas mixture containing an inert gas and more than 13 vol. % oxygen. Secondary products are hydroxyacetophenone and phenylene diacetates. The meta isomers predominate when a metal acetate is present in the reaction mixture. Mineral acids cause shift to ortho isomers.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of a non-aromatizable perfluorinated C.sub.9 -C.sub.18 polycyclic hydrocarbon having gas carrying properties, and a minor amount of an amidoamine oxide surfactant, the dispersions having at room temperature an average particle size of not over 0.1 micron initially and less than 0.3 micron for up to about one year or more. The ability of the dispersions to maintain low particle size over long periods at room temperature indicates exceptional stability, making them valuable as blood substitutes and therapeutic agents.

Abstract: Phenol is oxidized to benzoquinone with a bivalent copper catalyst using a vicinal dialkoxy alkane or cycloalkane as promoter, whereby improved conversion and/or selectivity is obtained.

Abstract: A novel catalyst and the process of using it for hydroformylation where the catalyst is a complex of the formula Pt(Acetylacetonate).sub.2 /nMX.sub.2.nH.sub.2 O/xPR.sub.3 where M is a Group IVA metal, X is a halogem atom, n is an integer of from about 2 to about 10, x is an integer of from about 5 to about 20, n is 0 or 2, and PR.sub.3 is a phosphine where R is an alkyl or, aryl group.

Abstract: The pour point of shale oil is lowered by contacting with fresh oil shale. The temperature of contacting is preferably below 350.degree. F.

Abstract: A novel catalyst and the process of using it for hydroformylation where the catalyst is a complex of the formulaPt(Acetylacetonate).sub.2 /nMX.sub.2.nH.sub.2 O/xPR.sub.3where M is a Group IVA metal, X is a halogen atom, n is an integer of from about 2 to about 10, x is an integer of from about 5 to about 20, n is 0 or 2, and PR.sub.3 is a phosphine where R is an alkyl or, aryl group.

Abstract: Perfluoroadamantane and 1-hydropentadecafluoroadamantane are prepared by perfluorinating adamantane and/or bromoadamantane by contacting CoF.sub.3 at an elevated temperature. The fluoroadamantanes have utility as synthetic blood substitutes or perfusion media.

Abstract: Victims suffering certain types of wounds are treated by contacting the wound with a substantially fluorinated carbon material or a mono- or di-brominated derivative thereof containing molecular oxygen.

Abstract: Oxygen compounds are removed, e.g., by extraction, from a coal liquid prior to its hydrogenation. As a result, compared to hydrogenation of such a non-treated coal liquid, the rate of nitrogen removal is increased.

Abstract: Improved method for maximizing jet fuel from shale oil involves hydrotreating the treated oil at a temperature of about 600.degree.-650.degree. F. in the presence of a catalyst having a relatively low metal content and then hydrotreating the oil at a temperature in excess of about 800.degree. F. in the presence of a catalyst having a relatively high metal content. A 480.degree. F. minus boiling point fraction fractionated from the foregoing process can meet JP-4 jet fuel specifications. Hydrocracking the 480.degree. F. plus boiling point fraction results in substantial additional quantities of jet fuel.

Abstract: In the acid-catalyzed etherification of olefins with alcohols, substantially complete recovery of alcohol and catalyst is obtained when small amounts of water (1-10%) are added to the reaction. The addition of water provides a two-phase reaction medium in which olefin and ether are in the upper phase and alcohol and catalyst are in the lower phase. These phase are maintained during the course of the reaction, which continues as a two-phase system.Certain novel ethers produced by this process are likewise disclosed herein.

Abstract: Paraphenylene diacetate is the predominant product when phenylacetate, acetic acid and acetic anhydride are reacted in the presence of palladium and a gas mixture containing an inert gas and no more than 13 vol.% oxygen.

Abstract: An improvement in the solvent extraction of nonhydrocarbons from a synfuel liquid, e.g., shale oil, involves that the extract from the extractor, rather than being recycled directly back to the extractor, is first hydrotreated. A further improvement involves that a portion of the hydrotreated extract is fractionated and a light fraction is returned to the extractor. Use of the hydrotreated extract as recycle increases the efficiency of the extractor. A still further improvement involves the use as a selective solvent of one of the following: dialkylformamide, aldehydomorpholine, keto-morpholine, morpholine or an aliphatic aromatic ketone. These preferred solvents have the advantage of providing a clear interface between the extract and raffinate in the extractor. Removal of the nonhydrocarbons permits production of more hydrocarbons having enhanced utility as a jet fuel from a synfuel liquid than otherwise would be possible.

Abstract: A method for preparing a block copolymer of an ether free polylactam and a polyetheramide, e.g., poly(4,7-dioxadecamethylene adipamide) involves polymerizing a lactam, e.g., caprolactam, in contact with the polyetheramide. Resulting block copolymer has utility, e.g., as a fiber.

Abstract: In the acid-catalyzed etherification of olefins with alcohols, substantially complete recovery of alcohol and catalyst is obtained when small amounts of water (1-10%) are added to the reaction. The addition of water provides a two-phase reaction medium in which olefin and ether are in the upper phase and alcohol and catalyst are in the lower phase. These phases are maintained during the course of the reaction, which continues as a two-phase system. Certain novel ethers produced by this process are likewise disclosed herein.

Abstract: Tetrahydrodimethyldicyclopentadiene is catalytically isomerized to a liquid isomeric mixture having a suitable low temperature viscosity making it suitable as a missile fuel. The catalyst comprises an acidic alumina. Hydrogen is also present and in an amount sufficient to maintain the isomerization activity of the alumina. The elevated temperature is sufficient to cause isomerization.

Abstract: Crushed foam coated urethane foam is disclosed wherein the crushed foam coating contains a pigment or a flame retardant or both to protect the urethane foam against discoloration due to ultraviolet light or to provide protection against fires. The crushed foam may be obtained from a frothed latex applied to the polyurethane foam, dried and crushed to a final thickness of 10 mils to 250 mils.

Abstract: Polymeric adsorbents exhibiting improved porosity and adsorption are produced from lightly crosslinked macroreticular aromatic copolymer beads by post-crosslinking the copolymer beads while in a swollen state, the crosslinks resulting from the post-crosslinking comprising the residue of an external crosslinker selected from a polyfunctional alkylating agent, a polyfunctional acylating agent, and a sulfur halide. An acid catalyst is used for the post-crosslinking, such as a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The adsorbents may be functionalized to ion exchange resins.