Abstract: A pelleted stabilizer additive system and a method of making same with a good pellet yield, preferably at least about 90 wt. %. The stabilizer additive system comprises at least a stabilizer and a processing aid, preferably a mold release agent. The processing aid has a lower melting temperature than the stabilizer. The stabilizer comprises less than 50 wt. % the combined total weight of the stabilizer and the mold release agent.

Abstract: Gelatinous compositions of matter which are useful as polymerization catalyst components and are highly stable in terms of OH-decay rate, as well as similarly stable solid compositions of matter formed from such gelatinous compositions, are described. The gelatinous and solid compositions are formed from hydroxyaluminoxane. Also disclosed is a process comprising converting a hydroxyaluminoxane into a gelatinous composition of matter, whereby the rate of OH-decay for the composition is reduced as compared to that of the hydroxyaluminoxane. Olefin polymerization processes and catalysts formed from these novel compositions of matter also are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel, highly effective catalyst compositions are described in which a low cost co-catalyst can be employed at very low aluminum loadings. Such compounds are composed of a cation derived from d-block or f-block metal compound, such as a metallocene, by loss of a leaving group, and an aluminoxate anion derived by transfer of a proton from a stable or metastable hydroxyaluminoxane to such leaving group. These catalyst compositions have extremely high catalytic activity and typically have high solubility in paraffinic solvents. Moreover they yield reduced levels of ash and result in improved clarity in polymers formed from such catalysts. Surprisingly, when isolated and stored, and optionally purified, under anhydrous inert conditions and surroundings, the catalyst compounds are more stable than if kept in solution. Thus these catalyst compounds can be stored, shipped, and used under inert anhydrous conditions as preformed catalysts thus simplifying the polymerization operations.

Abstract: Described are solid olefin polymerization catalysts that have, inter alia, very high productivities as shown by a standard test procedure for measuring this property or characteristic, and excellent morphology. Such particulate catalysts can be prepared by prepolymerizing a controlled amount of vinylolefin with a Group 4 metallocene-aluminoxane solution, in which the original metallocene ingredient used in the process has in its molecular structure at least one polymerizable olefinic substituent. These particulate catalysts do not contain, and thus are not produced in the presence of, a preformed support such as an inorganic compound (silica or etc.) or a preformed particulate polymeric support.

Abstract: Mixed together are (i) hydrogen peroxide; (ii) 1-alkene; (iii) quaternary ammonium salt wherein at least one of the substituents contains at least six carbon atoms; (iv) boric acid, or both a 1,2-diol and boric acid; and (v) a preformed catalyst solution formed from hydrogen peroxide, at least one aqueous inorganic acid, and at least one tungstate salt, while water is continuously removed, such that a 1,2-epoxide is formed. A new method for purifying 1,2-epoxyalkanes is also described.

Abstract: Described are solid olefin polymerization catalysts that have, inter alia, very high productivities (at least 18,000 grams of polyethylene per gram of catalyst in one hour) as shown by a standard test procedure for measuring this property or characteristic. Such particulate catalysts can be prepared by prepolymerizing &agr;-olefin with a Group 4 metallocene-aluminoxane solution, using proportions of &agr;-olefin (most preferably, ethylene) in the range of about 150 to about 1500, and preferably in the range of about 175 to about 1000, moles per mole of Group 4 metallocene used in forming the solution. The atom ratio of aluminum to Group 4 metal in the solution is in the range of about 150:1 to about 1500:1, and preferably in the range of about 175:1 to about 1000:1. In addition, the Group 4 metallocene ingredient used in forming these highly productive catalysts has in its molecular structure at least one polymerizable olefinic substituent.

Abstract: Novel brominated styrenic polymers having superior properties rendering them ideally suited for current commercial requirements for use as flame retardants in thermoplastic polymers are described. These properties include such high thermal stabilities in a standard Thermal Stability Test as to dramatically reduce if not eliminate the possibility of corrosion problems due to release of hydrogen halide at elevated polymer processing temperatures. Other special properties of the novel brominated styrenic polymers include, for example, low color or staining properties, and excellent melt flow characteristics.

Abstract: The methylaluminoxane composition (MAOC) is a solid at 25° C. that has a total aluminum content of about 39 to 47 wt %. The MAOC is either free of aluminum as trimethylaluminum (TMA) or if TMA is present, not more than about 30 mole % of the total aluminum in the MAOC is TMA. In the solid state the MAOC contains no more than about 2000 ppm (wt/wt) of aromatic hydrocarbon. The cryoscopic number average molecular weight of MAOC as determined in benzene is at least about 1000 amu, and the MAO has sufficient solubility in n-heptane at 25° C. to provide a solution containing 4 to as high as 7.5 wt % or more of dissolved aluminum. By vacuum distilling a solution of ordinary MAO in aromatic hydrocarbon long enough under proper conditions, MOAC is formed.

Abstract: A compacted particulate polymer additive composition in a dry granular form formed from the following components: (a) at least one particulate organic phosphite, organic phosphonite, and/or organic phosphonate, and (b) one or more particulate polymer additives other than an organic phosphite, organic phosphonite, or organic phosphonate; wherein the particles of said composition are held together in compacted dry granular form exclusively or substantially exclusively by contact with dried surfaces of in situ desolvated particles from particles of one or more at least partially solvated components of (a), and optionally by contact with dried surfaces of in situ desolvated particles from particles of one or more at least partially solvated components of (b). Compositions of this type except that there is no component (b) are also described.

Abstract: Novel, highly effective catalyst compositions are described in which a low cost co-catalyst can be employed at very low aluminum loadings. Such compounds are composed of a cation derived from d-block or f-block metal compound, such as a metallocene, by loss of a leaving group, and an aluminoxate anion derived by transfer of a proton from a stable or metastable hydroxyaluminoxane to such leaving group. These catalyst compositions have extremely high catalytic activity and typically have high solubility in paraffinic solvents. Moreover they yield reduced levels of ash and result in improved clarity in polymers formed from such catalysts. Surprisingly, when isolated and stored, and optionally purified, under anhydrous inert conditions and surroundings, the catalyst compounds are more stable than if kept in solution. Thus these catalyst compounds can be stored, shipped, and used under inert anhydrous conditions as preformed catalysts thus simplifying the polymerization operations.

Abstract: 4-Fluorobenzaldehyde is produced by a commercially feasible process. The process comprises heating a mixture of fluorobenzene and a strong Lewis acid with dissolved hydrogen halide in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide at about 45 to about 100° C. and at a total pressure of about 150 psig up to the maximum pressure rating of the reactor. Formed is a reaction mass containing a Lewis acid complex of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and at least a halobis(fluorophenyl)methane by-product. The complex is broken by quenching the reaction mass with a Lewis acid-solvating liquid to liberate 4-fluorobenzaldehyde. By-product halobis(fluorophenyl)methane is converted to di(fluorophenyl)methanol to avoid potential corrosion problems and formation of light sensitive color bodies in the recovered 4-fluorobenzaldehyde.

Abstract: Chloropentafluorobenzene or bromopentafluorobenzene is formed by heating perhalobenzene, C6FnX6-n where n is 0 to 4, and each X is, independently, a chlorine or bromine atom, with alkali metal fluoride, and an aminophosphonium catalyst (e.g., (Et2N)4PBr). The resultant chloropentafluorobenzene or bromopentafluorobenzene can be converted into a pentafluorophenyl Grignard reagent or a pentafluorophenyl alkali metal compound. This in turn can be converted into tris(pentafluorophenylborane), which can be converted into a single coordination complex comprising a labile tetra(pentafluorophenyl)boron anion (e.g., a trialkylammonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)boron complex or an N,N-dimethylanilinium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)boron complex).

Abstract: Aqueous industrial, recreational, and/or drilling systems comprise a synergistic combination of an oxidizing agent and an alkylamine. In the synergistic combination, the MBEC of the oxidizing agent preferably is about 25%, more preferably about 50% reduced compared to the MBEC of the oxidizing agent in the absence of the alkylamine. Similarly, the MBEC of the alkylamine in the synergistic combination is about 20%, preferably about 10%, more preferably about 1%, and most preferably about 0.5% of the MBEC of the alkylamine in the absence of the oxidizing agent. Preferred alkylamines are primary fatty alkylamines, most preferably octylamine. Preferred oxidizing agents are HOCl and HOBr. The oxidizing agent preferably is maintained at a concentration sufficient to provide static control over biofilm formation with periodic addition of the alkylamine.

Abstract: A solution comprising a halomagnesium tetrakis(Faryl)borate in a liquid organic medium, wherein the liquid organic medium is comprised of one or more liquid dihydrocarbyl ethers, one or more liquid hydrocarbons, one or more liquid halogenated hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof, is contacted with water. This produces magnesium di[tetrakis(Faryl)borate] in the organic phase of a two-phase water/liquid organic medium. The magnesium di[tetrakis(Faryl)borate] can be, but need not be, isolated. A protic ammonium salt, an onium salt, or a triarylmethyl salt can be reacted with the magnesium di[tetrakis(Faryl)borate] to produce the corresponding protic ammonium, onium, or triarylmethyl tetrakis(Faryl)borate. The magnesium di[tetrakis(Faryl)borate] can instead be reacted with a metal salt to form a metal tetrakis(Faryl)borate.

Abstract: Aqueous industrial, recreational, and drilling systems comprising a biofilm deactivation agent consisting essentially of one or more alkylamines. The biofilm deactivation agent has a “minimum biofilm deactivation concentration” (“MBEC”) of about 200 ppm or less. In a preferred embodiment, the biofilm deactivation agent consists essentially of primary alkylamines having from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms, and a MBEC of about 50 ppm or less, most preferably about 30 ppm or less. A most preferred embodiment comprises a synergistic combination of specific quaternary ammonium salts with a primary alkylamine having from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms. The invention also relates to the method of treating an aqueous system with these biofilm deactivation agents, either alone, or in the presence of an oxidizing agent for static control.

Abstract: This invention describes processes for producing halomagnesium fluoroaryl carboxylates. In one such process, a fluoroaryl Grignard reagent is added to an anhydrous liquid ethereal medium pretreated with carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Particulate synthetic zeolite is micronized in a liquid organic medium to form a micronized zeolite product having an average (mean) particle size of about 2 microns or less and containing at least 90% by weight, based on the dry weight of the zeolite product, if isolated, of particles no larger than about 5 microns. Preferably, the micronized zeolite product has a mean particle size of 1 micron or less, and at least 90% by weight of the zeolite product, based on the dry weight of the zeolite product, if isolated, has a particle size of 2 microns or less. The liquid organic medium used is (a) inert or substantially inert, (b) devoid or substantially devoid of water, and (c) devoid of a dispersant.

Abstract: The cleansing bar is comprised of at least one fully neutralized alkali metal salt of an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid in which the alkyl or alkenyl group is a straight chain alkyl or alkenyl group containing about 8-14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Described are solid olefin polymerization catalysts that have, inter alia, very high productivities (at least 18,000 grams of polyethylene per gram of catalyst in one hour) as shown by a standard test procedure for measuring this property or characteristic. Such particulate catalysts can be prepared by prepolymerizing vinylolefin with a Group 4 metallocene-aluminoxane solution, using proportions of vinylolefin (most preferably, ethylene) in the range of about 150 to about 1500, and preferably in the range of about 175 to about 1000, moles per mole of Group 4 metallocene used in forming the solution. The atom ratio of aluminum to Group 4 metal in the solution is in the range of about 150:1 to about 1500:1, and preferably in the range of about 175:1 to about 1000:1. In addition, the Group 4 metallocene ingredient used in forming these highly productive catalysts has in its molecular structure at least one polymerizable olefinic substituent.

Abstract: Meta-bromination with suppression of para-bromination is achieved by forming a reaction mixture comprised of (i) bromine chloride, (ii) a bromination catalyst, and (iii) a benzoyl halide, and maintaining the temperature of the resultant reaction mixture at one or more temperatures above 0° C., but not greater than 30° C. The bromine chloride is preferably formed in situ, most preferably by sparging gaseous chlorine into a mixture of bromine, finely-divided iron, and benzoyl chloride.