Abstract: An offset QPSK demodulator samples inphase and quadraphase channels at the data rate and derives carrier phase and clock phase control signals even if the samples are hard limited. The demodulator may be fabricated as a low cost integrated circuit. In one embodiment, a data clock having a 50% duty cycle clocks D flip-flops to store inphase data samples and quadraphase control samples upon rising clock transitions, and to store inphase control samples and quadraphase data samples upon falling clock transitions. To generate a tristate carrier phase control signal, an inphase exclusive-OR gate compares the inphase control samples to the complement of the quadraphase data samples, and a quadraphase exclusive-OR gate compares the quadraphase control samples to the inphase data samples.

Abstract: An electrical discharge thermonuclear reactor having a capacitor which is discharged into a reaction chamber through a low inductance distribution circuit funneling discharge current to a focus point in the reaction chamber so that the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity associated with the discharge current is generally inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the focus point. Then the circuit inductance is limited to a minimum value regardless of the absolute maximum distance from the capacitor to the focus point and thus the size of the capacitor. The distribution circuit has two outward-branching, interpenetrating three dimensional circuit networks of opposite polarity conveniently fabricated by stacking conductor plates having a generally cylindrical geometry.