Abstract: A character generator in a receiver provides a character signal in raster scan form for display with a received video signal. An oscillator, not synchronized with the horizontal synchronizing component of the video signal, supplies a clock signal to the generator for controlling timing of character elements. A control unit provides a control signal representative of a time difference between the clock signal and the horizontal synchronizing component. A delay unit, interposed in the clock signal path, selectively imparts delay to the clock signal in response to the control signal for reducing line-to-line variations in the timing of displayed character elements.

Abstract: In a television receiver, a demultiplexer for a high definition multiplexed analog component television signal provides samples of each component signal. A group of samples for each component signal is selected according to the aspect ratio of the television receiver display, and according to the aspect ratio of the picture contained in the high definition multiplexed analog signal so that the selected group is the one that provides picture information which fits the aspect ratio of the display. The selected samples for one scan line are first stored during the active scan line time and then read out sequentially during the subsequent scan line time. The stored samples of each component signal are read out sequentially during substantially the same time period to provide the required Y, U, V signals. A similarly designed demultiplexer may be used to process an extended aspect ratio frequency multiplexed signal such as a high definition NTSC-formatted signal.

Abstract: A flat-field television image having reduced visibility of horizontal scan lines is generated by receiving first and second fields of interlaced video and progressively generating a scanned image within a time for one incoming field. The progressive scanned image is formed from "real" and interpolated lines of luminance. In this arrangement the interpolated line is formed by weighting samples from time-successive lines. To improve the vertical detail of a progressively scanned image vertical detail information which may be obtained from the chrominance channel is combined with both "real" and interpolated lines, or one to the exclusion of the other, to enhance the image displayed.

Abstract: The television receiver displays the picture information of an interlaced signal, such as a baseband NTSC signal, in a non-interlaced scanning format. The NTSC signal is comb filtered in a line comb filter to extract a luminance representative component signal. When no motion occurs in the picture scene, vertical detail is added and substracted, respectively, from the luminance representative component signal to form first and second enhanced luminance signals, respectively. During each horizontal line interval of the NTSC signal, the corresponding portions of the first and the second signals contain luminance information capable of being displayed in consecutive non-interlaced scan lines, respectively, of the interlaced display. When motion is detected, vertical detail enhancement is diminished so that artifacts that may be more pronounced in the presence of motion, become less visible.

Abstract: A timing signal generator applies timing signals to a wide aspect ratio (1.77:1) imager in a non-interlaced HDTV system for causing the imager video output signal to exhibit a line rate of 45,000 Hz and a field rate of 60 Hz such that at each step in post production conversion of the video signal to a lower definition distribution standard the conversion equipment operates in a line locked mode thereby ensuring that fractional pixels are not produced during the conversion steps and greatly simplifying the timing of such functions as line-rate, frame-rate and aspect-ratio conversions.

Abstract: A television apparatus for displaying the picture information of an interlaced signal, such as a baseband NTSC signal, in a non-interlaced scanning format is described. When no picture change occurs, the picture information of the first and the second fields of the NTSC signal are displayed in alternate scan lines of the display of the apparatus, respectively, to form a picture frame during one vertical scanning interval. A signal, indicative that a picture change occurs in a section of the picture frame, is generated when a picture change occurs. The picture change indicative signal causes the displayed picture information in that section of the picture frame to be derived from one field of the NTSC signal.

Abstract: A television receiver/monitor includes a progressive scan processor including memories for time compressing a video input signal and doubling the line rate to reduce visible line structure when the double line-rate signal is displayed. The memories are controlled to provide a video compression factor (2.5:1) greater than the display line rate increase (2:1) to provide a display retrace time (10.8 micro-seconds) substantially equal to the blanking interval (11.0 micro-seconds) of the video input signal thereby decreasing display power losses and horizontal drive requirements.

Abstract: A digital TV system reduces the data rate by transmitting or recording only bytes representing half of the sampled pixels. Steering bits are also transmitted that tell which of the transmitted bytes are the closest match to the untransmitted bytes so the pixels represented by the later can be reconstructed. The steering or control bits are repeated for subsequent omitted bytes unless it no longer indicates a match within a selected tolerance or threshold.

Abstract: An HDTV television system is described for use in providing a compatible HDTV signal and an improved NTSC signal generated at a sample rate which conforms with the world studio standard. The system includes an HDTV camera and frame store. Two interlaced HDTV fields are stored in the HDTV frame store for further processing. The signals are supplied to two branched. In a first branch the samples from the frame store are anti-aliasing filtered, cropped and selected to generate a world-standard digital component source of an "improved" NTSC signal. In a second branch the samples from the HDTV frame store are aspect ratio compressed and scanned in a zig-zag pattern to generate an 11 MHz HDTV signal which is compatible with standard definition television receivers in use today.

Abstract: A television arrangement produces a progressively-scanned display from signals representing an image scanned by a raster having lines of even fields separated vertically by a distance 2S interlaced with the lines of odd fields. For 2:1 interlace, the lines of the odd fields are spatially separated from the adjacent lines of even fields by a distance S. The lines of signal for application to the display are generated by a spatial filter having a response in the vertical direction such that an output signal occurs for each traversal of a distance S. Thus, the number of lines is doubled in each field. The lines are generated in simultaneous pairs. A parallel-to-serial converter (PISO) converts the simultaneous signals to sequential for display by progressive scanning. The PISO may be a time compressor for use with a double-rate display or a switcher for use with a vertically-dithered display.

Abstract: A television apparatus for displaying the picture information of an interlaced signal, such as a baseband NTSC signal, in a non-interlaced scanning format is described. When no picture change occurs, the picture information of the first and the second fields of the NTSC signal are displayed in alternate scan lines of the display of the apparatus, respectively, to form a picture frame during one vertical scanning interval. A signal, indicative that a picture change occurs in a section of the picture frame, is generated when a picture change occurs. The picture change indicative signal is obtained by using a frame comb filter to detect interframe picture variations. The picture change indicative signal causes the displayed picture information in that section of the picture frame to be derived from one field of the NTSC signal.

Abstract: A television receiver includes a character generator for producing alphanumeric data or graphic symbols to be displayed along with a received video signal. An oscillator, locked to a multiple of the color subcarrier frequency of the video signal, supplies a clock signal to the character generator for controlling the timing of displayed character elements. A delay circuit coupled to the character generator and controlled by a measuring circuit imparts an effective delay to the character elements in proportion to the time difference between a transition of the clock signal and the horizontal synchronizing component of the video signal. The delay compensates for temporal and spacial distortions of displayed characters which otherwise would tend to occur when the ratio of the color subcarrier frequency with respect to the horizontal line rate of the video signal is "non-standard" (e.g., other than 910:1 for NTSC or 1135:1 for PAL).

Abstract: Plural phase detectors in a progressively scanned television receiver measure the phase of the receiver video speed-up memory read and write clocks with respect to the double line-rate horizontal sweep signal of the display. Delay means are provided for delaying the video signal recovered from the memory as a function of the difference between the read and write clock phase measurements each time the memory is read. The delay is effective for minimizing visible artifacts which otherwise may tend to occur when displaying "non-standard" video signals wherein the ratio of the color-subcarrier frequency to the line-frequency of the incoming video signal differs from a given broadcasting standard.

Abstract: A video disc record system having a stylus for recovering information effects kicks which induce limited stylus translations across a disc record surface. Control circuitry responsive to a desired stylus translation are coupled to kicker means for inducing the stylus translation. Actual stylus translations are used to calibrate the kicker activation signals to minimize the kick used to induce stylus translations thereby reducing damage to the disc surface incurred during a stylus translation.

Abstract: A flat-field television image having reduced visibility of horizontal scan lines is generated by receiving first and second fields of interlaced video and progressively generating a scanned image within a time for one incoming field. The progressively scanned image includes interpolation and double-rate translation in the luminance channel and double-rate translation only in the chrominance channel. In one embodiment the two-times translation (each line repeated) is applied to the chrominance channel after separation from the luminance but prior to demodulation. In another embodiment the chrominance signal is two-times translated prior to demodulation thus requiring demodulation after double-rate translation.

Abstract: A processor, for providing a double line-rate video output signal comprising alternating received lines and interpolated lines, comprises three memories. As each line of incoming video signal is stored in one of the three memories, at a given clock rate the remaining two memories are read at double the write clock rate. A single averaging circuit, having inputs selectively coupled to the memories, interleaves non-interpolated time compressed lines of video obtained from one of the two memories being read with time-compressed lines of video obtained by interpolation from both of the two memories being read to provide a processed video output signal. The "write-one read-two" memory organization enables concurrent interpolation and speed-up of the video signal thereby minimizing potential clock timing problems inherent in progressive scan systems of the type where interpolation is provided separately either before or after video speed-up.

Abstract: The stator of a pancake motor comprises porcelianized steel with stator coils secured thereto by means of raised tabs which "entrap" a few turns of the coil between the tab and the surface of the stator. Thermoplastic insulation on the wire, when heated, rigidly bonds the coil turns together thereby gripping the tabs and securing the coils to the stator surface. Coil connections are provided by printed wire patterns on the stator surface. Since the stator coils may be wound insitu, bobbins, fasteners and printed wiring boards are eliminated, assembly steps are reduced, and both convective and conductive heat dissipation are improved thereby reducing the motor cost, improving its reliability and allowing the motor to run cooler or to provide more power output for a given temperature increase.

Abstract: A processor, for providing a double line-rate video signal comprising alternating received lines and interpolated lines, comprises a triad of memories. As each incoming video signal is stored in one of the three memories, the remaining two are read at double the write clock rate. An output circuit interleaves a non-interpolated time compressed line of video obtained from one of the two memories being read with a time-compressed line of video obtained by interpolation from both of the two memories being read to provide a processed video output signal. The write-one read-two memory organization enables concurrent interpolation and speed-up of the video signal thereby minimizing potential clock timing problems inherent in progressive scan systems of the type where interpolation is provided separately either before or after video speed-up.

Abstract: A transmitter applies luminance and chroma components of a color television signal to a transmission path, such as a VTR or satellite, in amplitude compressed form. To obtain optimum improvement in S/N ratio, different compression laws for the luminance and chroma components are used. The signals can also be time compressed and sent in TDM form.

Abstract: A video signal is scrambled by partitioning the signal into blocks of segments, reversing the sequence of segments in each block, randomly delaying the reversed segments and reversing the sequence of the randomly delayed segments. The double reversal of the block segment sequence results in a scrambled signal of high security but which may be unscrambled by a decoder having a complementary random delay characteristic and a total segment storage capacity which is less than that of the scrambler and also less than the maximum line-to-line interchange of the segments within each block. Selection of segment lengths provides inter-line or intra-line block scrambling.