Abstract: A third harmonic distortion corrector is equipped for correcting a third harmonic distortion contained in a two-phase sinusoidal signals with different phases output from an encoder. A third harmonic calculator/detector calculates the amplitude a3 and the phase ?3 of the third harmonic using Fourier analysis, based on change in radius r of the Lissajous waveform output from a r-? converter. The third harmonic distortion corrector corrects the third harmonic distortion of the two-phase sinusoidal signal A4, B4 based on the amplitude a3 and the phase ?3 of the third harmonic calculated.

Abstract: A (bio)chemo-functional waveguide grating structure consisting of at least one (bio)chemo-functional waveguide grating structure unit or at least one (bio)chemo-functional sensor location with beam guidance permitting light beam separation, as well as detection methods for parallel analysis that are marking-free or based on marking.