Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of base oils and automotive engine oils using synthetic poly alpha olefins derived from 1-dodecene or 1-tetradecene to improve engine oil performance as demonstrated by the severe Volkswagen T-4, Volkswagen TDI, and Sequence IIIE tests.

Abstract: A method of dimerizing alpha-olefins to mostly linear internal olefin dimers using as a catalyst a transition metal complex with an activating co-catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the double bond isomerization of olefinic feed compounds is provided comprising contacting the olefinic feed compounds and a catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce double bond isomerization, wherein the catalyst is an aluminophosphate-containing molecular sieve with pores having a diameter in the range of about 3.8 Å to about 5 Å. The process provides high conversion of normal alpha-olefins and high selectivity for linear internal olefins.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and process for preparing such catalyst composition which can be useful in contacting a hydrocarbon-containing fluid which contains a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon such as 1,3-butadiene, in the presence of hydrogen, with such catalyst composition in a hydrogenation zone under a hydrogenation condition effective to hydrogenate such highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon such as n-butene is disclosed. Such process for preparing a catalyst composition includes (1) combining a zeolite, a Group VIB metal, and an inorganic support to form a modified zeolite; (2) calcining such modified zeolite under a calcining condition to produce a calcined, modified zeolite; and (3) contacting such calcined, modified zeolite with a carburizing agent under a carburizing condition to provide such catalyst composition.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process in which the rate of coke formation is reduced without a significant sacrifice in light olefin and BTX yield by the use of a silylated, stabilized metal promoted zeolite catalyst. Another embodiment includes a novel silylated spinel/zeolite catalyst. Another embodiment includes a process for producing a zinc or gallium promoted zeolite in which the promoter is stabilized by a high temperature water vapor treatment in the presence of a metal oxide such as alumina and thereafter the stabilized catalyst precursor is calcined and silylated.

Abstract: A process to produce a sorbent is provided. This process comprises: mixing a composition that comprises silica, a composition that comprises metal oxide, and a composition that comprises zinc oxide, to form a first mixture; and sphering said first mixture to form particles having a diameter from about 10 micrometers to about 1000 micrometers.

Abstract: An isomerization process for converting an isomerization feed stream containing alkanes having about 4 carbon atoms to about 10 carbon atoms per molecule and cycloalkanes having about 5 carbon atoms to about 10 carbon atoms per molecule to at least one product hydrocarbon isomer. The isomerization feed stream, which contains at least one feed hydrocarbon and hydrogen, is contacted in an isomerization zone at effective isomerization conditions with a catalyst where deactivation of such catalyst occurs in the isomerization zone. The isomerization process includes the presence of an additive in the isomerization feed stream. The concentration of the additive is sufficient to alleviate or diminish the deactivation of the catalyst and to maintain a substantially constant conversion of the at least one feed hydrocarbon to the at least one product hydrocarbon isomer at effective isomerization conditions.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for hydrodealkylating C.sub.9 + aromatic compounds such as, for example, trimethylbenzenes, to C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes are disclosed. The composition comprises an alumina and a silica wherein the weight ratio of aluminum to silicon is in the range of from about 0.005:1 to about 0.25:1. The process comprises contacting, in the presence of the catalyst composition, a fluid which comprises a C.sub.9 + aromatic compound with a hydrogen-containing fluid under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a C.sub.9 + aromatic compound to a C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon; and the C.sub.9 + aromatic compound contains at least 9 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for isomerizing hydrocarbons is disclosed. The process includes contacting, under reaction conditions, a hydrocarbon-containing fluid containing a saturated hydrocarbon, preferably a normal paraffin containing in the range of from about 4 carbon atoms to about 10 carbon atoms per molecule, with a composition in a single-stage reaction zone. The process includes isomerizing such saturated hydrocarbon to thereby provide a product containing an isomerized hydrocarbon. The composition used in the process contains a zeolite and a metal carbide. The composition can be produced by combining a metal, preferably such metal is in a metal compound, with the zeolite to thereby provide a metal-promoted zeolite. The metal-promoted zeolite is then calcined or steamed followed by contacting the resulting zeolite with a hydrocarbon, preferably in the presence of hydrogen, to thereby provide a carburized metal-promoted zeolite.

Abstract: An improved zeolite catalyst containing an acid-treated zeolite, a boron component and a zinc component manufactured by a novel method having certain process steps necessary for providing the improved zeolite catalyst. The process steps include a first steam treatment of an acid-treated zeolite, followed by incorporation of such zeolite with a boron component and a zinc component, followed by a second steam treatment. Processes are also disclosed for using the improved zeolite catalyst in the conversion of hydrocarbons, preferably non-aromatic hydrocarbons, to lower olefins (such as ethylene and propylene) and aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, and xylene).

Abstract: An improved zeolite based catalyst comprising a mixture of a zeolite and a binder treated with boron trichloride and prepared by a novel method including exposing a mixture of a zeolite material and a binder to gaseous boron trichloride under suitable process conditions.

Abstract: An improved zeolite catalyst containing a zeolite and a zinc component manufactured by a novel method having certain process steps necessary for providing the improved zeolite catalyst. The process steps include incorporation of a zinc component with such zeolite followed by a steam treatment. An acid treatment can be conducted after the steam treatment. Processes are also disclosed for using the improved zeolite catalyst in the conversion of hydrocarbons, preferably non-aromatic hydrocarbons, to lower olefins (such as ethylene, propylene, and butene) and aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, and xylene).

Abstract: A novel zeolite catalyst composition comprising a mixture of a zeolite, a binder, and a zinc borate compound wherein such mixture is calcined or treated with steam. Preferably, the zeolite has not been treated with an acid. Also provided is a process of making such composition, a product by such process, and the use thereof in the conversion of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid such as a gasoline-boiling range fluid or coker naphtha. Use of such zeolite in the conversion of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid also includes pre-treating such hydrocarbon-containing fluid with a nitrogen removal medium such as ion-exchange resin.

Abstract: A catalyst composition, a process for producing the composition, and a hydrotreating process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, gasoline, to olefins and C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes are disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite and a promoter. The process for producing the composition comprises the steps: (1) combining a zeolite with a promoter under a condition sufficient to incorporate the zeolite with the promoter to produce a first promoted zeolite; (2) incorporating the first promoted zeolite with a second promoter to produce a second promoted zeolite; and (3) heating the second promoted zeolite. The hydrotreating process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a hydrocarbon to an olefin and a C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process in which the rate of coke formation is reduced without a significant sacrifice in light olefin and BTX yield by the use of a silylated, stabilized metal promoted zeolite catalyst. Another embodiment includes a novel silylated spinel/zeolite catalyst. Another embodiment includes a process for producing a zinc or gallium promoted zeolite in which the promoter is stabilized by a high temperature water vapor treatment in the presence of a metal oxide such as alumina and thereafter the stabilized catalyst precursor is calcined and silylated.

Abstract: A novel circulatable sorbent material suitable for use in a transport desulfurization system for removing sulfur from a fluid stream containing sulfur and the use thereof in such a transport desulfurization system. The transport desulfurization process utilizes a circulatable particulate material containing alumina, silica zinc oxide and a metal oxide which is contacted with a fluid stream and thereafter separated and reused with a portion being regenerated.

Abstract: A process for making an improved zeolite catalyst composition comprising acid-treating a zeolite to provide an acid-treated zeolite, ion-exchanging the ions of such acid-treated zeolite with ions of zinc and at least one other metal in the presence of an ion-exchange medium, and then treating such acid-treated, ion-exchanged zeolite in a steam atmosphere. An improved zeolite catalyst composition made by such process is also disclosed. Processes are also disclosed for using the improved zeolite catalyst composition, made by the novel process, in the conversion of hydrocarbons, preferably non-aromatic hydrocarbons, to lower olefins (such as ethylene and propylene) and aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, and xylene).

Abstract: An improved zeolite catalyst containing an acid-treated zeolite, a boron component and a zinc component manufactured by a novel method having certain process steps necessary for providing the improved zeolite catalyst. The process steps include a first steam treatment of an acid-treated zeolite, followed by incorporation of such zeolite with a boron component and a zinc component, followed by a second steam treatment. Processes are also disclosed for using the improved zeolite catalyst in the conversion of hydrocarbons, preferably non-aromatic hydrocarbons, to lower olefins (such as ethylene and propylene) and aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, and xylene).

Abstract: A novel zeolite catalyst comprising an acid treated zeolite impregnated with silver and boron, a method of making such zeolite catalyst, and the use thereof for converting paraffin hydrocarbons to olefins and aromatics.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, gasoline to olefins and C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes are disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises an alumina and a silica wherein the weight ratio of aluminum to silicon is in the range of from about 0.002:1 to about 0.25:1. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a hydrocarbon to an olefin and a C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon.