Abstract: Disclosed is a method of reactivating a deactivated anode that has a coating of a noble metal or noble metal oxide on a substrate. A coating of a noble metal is deposited on the anode electrolessly. The noble metal in the deposited coating can be platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solution of a hot melt adhesive which comprises an organic solvent and a fully imidized polyamideimidesiloxane. The polyamideimidesiloxane is the reaction product of dianhydride monomer with diamine monomer. About 0.5 to about 30 mole % of the monomers are siloxane-containing diamine or dianhydride monomers. Up to about 50 mole % of the diamine monomer is aliphatic diamine that contains neither siloxane groups nor amide linkages, and about 40 to about 99 mole % of the diamine monomer is aromatic diamine that does not contain siloxane groups. The aromatic diamine is (1) about 50 to about 100 mole % unsymmetrical aromatic diamine that has at least two aromatic rings, two amine groups on different aromatic rings, and contains an amide linkage in the chain and (2) up to about 50 mole % of aromatic diamine that contains neither siloxane groups nor amide linkages. A tape is made by forming a coating of the solution on a film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making high purity 2,4- and 3,4-dichlorotoluene from parachlorotoluene that contains some metachlorotoluene. About 0.0001 to about 5 wt % of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and about 0.5 to about 10 equivalents of a brominating agent are added to the parachlorotoluene. The metachlorotoluene is brominated, but most of the parachlorotoluene is not brominated. Without separating the brominated products from the unbrominated products, about 0.5 to about 1.5 equivalents of a chlorinating agent are added, whereby only the unbrominated products (i.e., the parachlorotoluene) are chlorinated. The resulting 2,4-dichlorotoluene and 3,4-dichlorotoluene can be separated by distillation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making an o-arylbenzonitrile by reacting o-chlorobenzonitrile with a substituted phenylzinc halide. The reaction is performed in the presence of a nickel catalyst, an ethereal solvent, and N-methylpyrrolidinone as a cosolvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of separating the meta isomer of a halotoluene having the general formula ##STR1## from a mixture with at least one other isomer, where X is Cl or Br. About 0.0001 to about 5 wt % of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst is added to the mixture and the mixture is exposed to a brominating agent which preferentially brominates the meta isomer. The mixture is then heated at a temperature above the boiling point of the other isomers but below the boiling point of the brominated meta isomer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of halogenating the ring of an aromatic compound. The aromatic compound is contacted with a halogenating agent in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst is the calcination reaction product of:(A) 51 to 99 wt % of a support which comprises at least one inorganic oxide or hydroxide of at least one metal that is at least divalent and forms a metal-to-oxygen matrix during calcination; and(B) 1 to 49 wt % of at least one dopant which comprises a compound that places an element that is at least divalent, bonded to oxygen atoms, into said matrix during said calcination, resulting in the formation of an acidic solid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of adding 1 to 4 chlorine or bromine atoms to an aromatic ring of compound that has at least one electron-withdrawing groups on that ring. The aromatic compound is reacted with a chlorinating agent or a brominating agent in the presence of about 0.1 to about 10 mole % of a Lewis acid catalyst and about 0.001 to about 0.1 equivalents of an iodine-containing cocatalyst at a temperature of ambient to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making high purity .alpha.-chloroxylenes. A composition is formed of about 15 to about 80 wt % of a xylene and about 20 to about 85 wt % of a solvent. The solvent can be toluene, ring halogenated toluene, benzotrichloride, ring halogenated benzotrichloride, benzotrifluoride, ring halogenated benzotrifluoride, .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.',.alpha.'-hexafluorometaxylene, .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.',.alpha.'-hexafluoroparaxylene, or a mixture thereof. The composition is heated to about 70 to about 160.degree. C. No base is present in the composition. Chlorine gas is sparged through the composition and chlorine free radicals are generated therein. The chlorine free radicals can be generated either with UV light or by means of a chlorine free radical initiator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making an .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoromethoxybenzene by reacting an .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trichloromethoxybenzene or an .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-tribromomethoxybenzene with gaseous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst of antimony pentachloride, molybdenum pentachloride, molybdenum dichloride dioxide, molybdenum oxide, or a mixture thereof. The hydrogen fluoride is used in an amount of about 1 to about 1.4 times stoichiometric and is at about atmospheric pressure. The reaction is performed at about 30 to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a sterile medical article. A poly(vinyl chloride) or polyvinylidene chloride polymer is produced that contains about 0.001 to about 5 wt % of a metal complex having at least one anionic ligand that has at least one resonance structure in which the charge is localized on a carbon atom. A medical article is fabricated from the chlorinated polymer and the medical article is exposed to gamma radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing brominated substituted anilines. A mixture in water is formed of a substituted aniline having the general formula ##STR1## where each R is independently selected from halogen, alkyl and haloalkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.12, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl from C.sub.6 to C.sub.12, R does not occupy all three 2, 4, and 6 positions, and n is 1 to 4. To the suspension is added about 1.0 to about 1.1 equivalents of bromine for each bromine atom to be substituted onto the aromatic ring of said substituted aniline. No acid is present during the reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of inhibiting the formation of scale on reactor surfaces in contact with a polymerizing vinyl monomer comprising contacting said monomer with a terpolymer which comprises the condensation reaction product of(A) an aromatic compound that contains the group ##STR1## where Q is OR or SR and R is hydrogen, alkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.15, or aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl from C.sub.6 to C.sub.15 :(B) about 0.1 to about 10 moles of a carbonyl compound per mole of said aromatic compound; and(C) about 0.1 to about 10 moles of a thiourea per mole of said aromatic compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plant transformation construct comprising DNA having(1) a ring-opening gene that encodes an enzyme that can open an aromatic ring,(2) upstream of the ring-opening gene, a eukaryotic promoter, and(3) downstream of said ring-opening gene, a polyadenylic acid addition site.Also disclosed is a plasmid that contains the plant transformation construct and bacteria that contain the plasmid. A transgenic plant cell that contains, as part of its genome, the plant transformation construct is also disclosed, and a transgenic plant is grown from the transgenic plant cell. Also disclosed is a method of degrading aromatic compounds in soil by planting the transgenic plant in the soil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pulley that comprises a metal bearing with an elastomeric material on its outer rim molded into a polymeric wheel, where the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polymeric wheel is at least 1.0.times.10.sup.-6 cm/cm/.degree.C. greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal bearing. The pulley is made by applying an elastomeric material to the outer edge of the metal bearing and molding the polymeric wheel around it. The use of the elastomeric material prevents slippage between the metal bearing and the polymeric wheel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making an imide-containing polymer by bulk or melt polymerizing monomers. A mixture is formed of (1) a cyclic compound that contains an anhydride group and a second group which is an anhydride, a carboxylic acid, or an ester and (2) a diamine in an amount stoichiometric .+-.5 mole % of stoichiometric with the amount of cyclic compound. An end capper may also be included in the mixture to control the molecular weight but no solvent is used. A polyimidesiloxane can be made by using a siloxane-containing diamine. The mixture is heated to a temperature above the T.sub.g or T.sub.m of the polymer but below its degradation temperature.

Abstract: A method of removing HMO.sub.2.sup.- anions from an aqueous silicate solution comprising contacting the solution with a cationic ion exchange resin, where M is manganese, zinc, copper, nickel, or a mixture thereof. The method is particularly applicable to solutions of sodium silicate or potassium silicate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of removing chlorine from a mixture of gases. The mixture of gases is contacted with dichlorotoluene, whereby chlorine in the mixture of gases is absorbed by the dichlorotoluene. The dichlorotoluene is separated from the mixture of gases and is heated to desorb the chlorine and separate it from the dichlorotoluene.

Abstract: Disclosed is method of sulfodechlorinating an aromatic compound. A composition is prepared of (1) an aromatic compound having the general formula ##STR1## Where R is CHO or COOH and n is 1 to 3, (2) an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfite or bisulfite in an amount stoichiometric to about 20 mole % in excess of stoichiometric, (3) water in an amount sufficient to form a solution of the sulfite or bisulfite, and (4) sufficient base to raise the pH of the composition to about 10 to about 14. The composition is heated at about 150 to about 200.degree. C. No catalyst is present in the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer in the presence of light. A mixture is formed of liquid vinyl chloride monomer, preferably about 10 to about 250 ppm of a metallocene catalyst, about 1 to about 2000 moles of an aluminum-containing cocatalyst per mole of catalyst, and up to about 500 moles of a Lewis base per mole of aluminum in the cocatalyst. Selected alkyl groups from the aluminum-containing cocatalyst can be placed on the ends of the poly (vinyl chloride) chains.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition of (1) a substituted benzaldehyde having the general formula ##STR1## where X is a leaving group in the ortho or para position, (2) a mercaptide having the general formula MSR' in an amount about stoichiometric to about 20 mole % in excess of stoichiometric with the amount of said substituted benzaldehyde, where M is an alkali metal and R' is alkyl or haloalkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 or aryl, aralkyl, or alkyl from C.sub.6 to C.sub.12, (3) sufficient water to dissolve said mercaptide and MX, (4) about 0.1 to about 5 mole %, based on said substituted benzaldehyde, of a phase transfer catalyst, and (5) 0 to about 100 wt %, based on total composition weight, of a water-immiscible organic solvent. Heating the composition to a temperature between about room temperature and 100.degree. C. results in the formation of a substituted mercapto-benzaldehyde.