Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of 2-chloro-1,1,1-difluoroethane by the reaction of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane with hydrogen fluoride. in the presence of a fluorination catalyst. The process utilizes a rate enhancing reagent that is trichloroethylene, is 1-fluoro-1,2,3-trichloroethane or an aromatic rate enhancing reagent having the formula where R is C1 to C6 linear or branched alkyl substituted with at least one halo group, halo or nitro and R? is C1 to C6 linear or branched alkyl substituted with at least one halo group.

Abstract: A improved process is described for the preparation of a substantially pure, liquefied stream of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane by the catalyzed reaction of trichloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride to form the intermediate 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and then reacting said intermediate 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane with hydrogen fluoride, in the presence of a hydrofluorination catalyst to form a reaction stream containing 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The improvement comprises liquefying the by-product hydrogen chloride formed in the preparation of the intermediate 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and countercurrently passing said liquefied hydrogen chloride thru the reaction stream containing 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane thereby forming a substantially pure, liquefied stream of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and an effluent comprising gaseous hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of polymorphic forms of water-soluble derivatives of probucol compounds having the following formula where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Z and Z? are defined herein.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of polymorphic forms of water-soluble derivatives of probucol compounds having the following formula where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Z and Z? are defined herein.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of polymorphic forms of water-soluble derivatives of probucol compounds having the following formula where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Z and Z? are defined herein.

Abstract: A chemical process for detoxifying spent CCA (copper, chrome, arsenic)—treated wood, from which CCA and detoxified wood are recovered for recycling comprising the steps of (a) treating CCA-treated wood in the presence of a liquefying reagent such as an organic solvent at 100–250° C. with or without ferrous ions to form liquefied CCA-treated wood (b) adding water or an aqueous solution of an organic solvent to the liquefied CCA-treated wood with stirring to obtain an aqueous solution of liquefied CCA-treated wood (c) adding complexing or precipitating agents, such as phosphoric acid or calcium hydroxide to the aqueous solution of step (b) thereby precipitating insoluble heavy metal complexes or precipitates and forming a solution of detoxified CCA-treated wood (d) separating said heavy metal complexes or precipitates from the solution of detoxified liquefied CCA-treated wood and (e) isolating chromated copper arsenate from said heavy metal complex or precipitate.

Abstract: A nicotine product having a nicotine release rate of not less than 70% over a 10 minute period as well as a process to produce such product. Such product is produced by a process comprising the steps of (a) preparing an aqueous solution of an organic polyol; (b) mixing said aqueous solution of the organic polyol with a cation exchange resin selected from the group consisting of (i)—a methacrylic, weakly acidic type of resin containing carboxylic functional groups (ii)—polystyrene, strongly acidic type of resin containing sulfonic functional groups and (iii)—polystyrene, intermediate acidic type of resin containing phosphonic functional groups thereby forming a cation exchange resin mixture having some of its ion exchange sites partially blocked with said polyol; (c) admixing with said mixture of step (b) an aqueous solution of nicotine to form a nicotine-coated cation exchange resin admixture; and (d) removing water from said admixture.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved thermoplastic pavement marking composition system that comprises a pavement surface that is light in color (white or off-white). A first marking stripe is applied and adheres to the top of the pavement surface. This first marking stripe has a thickness of at least about 40 mils to about 110 mils, and comprises a solidified thermoplastic resin composition. The solidified resin composition comprising a black pigment. A second marking stripe is applied and adheres to the surface of the first marking stripe, the second marking stripe having a thickness of at least 40 mils to about 750 mils or more. It is narrower than said first marking stripe and also comprises a solidified thermoplastic resin composition. The thermoplastic resin composition of the second marking stripe is comprised of a pigment that visibly contrasts with the first marking stripe.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for catalytically hydrogenating unsaturated phytosterol compounds. The catalyst used for such hydrogenation is an alumina-supported transition metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and mixtures thereof. The process involves the following steps.

Abstract: A nicotine product having a nicotine release rate of not less than 70% over a 10 minute period as well as a process to produce such product Such product is produced by a process comprising the steps of (a) preparing an aqueous solution of an organic polyol; (b) mixing said aqueous solution of the organic polyol with a cation exchange resin selected from the group consisting of (i)—a methacrylic, weakly acidic type of resin containing carboxylic functional groups (ii)—polystyrene, strongly acidic type of resin containing sulfonic functional groups and (iii)—polystyrene, intermediate acidic type of resin containing phosphonic functional groups thereby forming a cation exchange resin mixture having some of its ion exchange sites partially blocked with said polyol; (c) admixing with said mixture of step (b) an aqueous solution of nicotine to form a nicotine-coated cation exchange resin admixture; and (d) removing water from said admixture.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of water-soluble derivatives of probucol compounds having the following formula where R1 and R2 are the same or different and are alkyl, alkenyl or aryl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are the same or different and are alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X and Y are the same or different and are hydrogen or the groups saturated acyl or unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms said saturated or unsaturated acyl groups containing a polar or charged functionality.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a piperazine-substituted aliphatic carboxylate having the formula where m and n are individually an integer of from 1 to 6, R and R′ are the same or different and are hydrogen, C1 to C6 alkyl or aryl or heteroaryl that is unsubstituted or is substituted with at least one substituent that is halo, C1 to C6 alkyl or C1 to C6 alkoxy and R″ is C3 to C12 branched alkyl or an organic or inorganic cation. The process comprises treating a solution comprising a compound of the formula wherein m, R and R′ are as defined above and an aliphatic ester of the formula X—(CH2)nCO(O)R″ where X is a leaving group and n and R″ are as defined above, with a base in the presence of an effective amount of a phase transfer catalyst, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form a piperazine-substituted aliphatic carboxylate.

Abstract: An electrical light fixture assembly for attachment to a mounting panel having a front surface, a back surface and an installation hole formed therethrough. The assembly comprises a housing including a base having a rearwardly facing surface and having at least one knockout disc formed therein and a sidewall extending forwardly of the base to define a hollow enclosure having a front opening. When the housing is inserted into the installation opening, the rearwardly facing surface of the base of said housing is in substantially the same plane as the back surface of the mounting panel. A plurality of tab members extend outwardly from the sidewall, the tab members being adjacent to the front opening of the hollow enclosure and engage the front surface of the mounting panel, thus limiting the entry of the housing through the installation hole of the panel. A stop member is secured to the base for limiting the degree of rotation of an at least one clamp member.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a piperazine-substituted aliphatic carboxylate having the formula where m and n are individually an integer of from 1 to 6, R and R′ are the same or different and are hydrogen, C1 to C6 alkyl or aryl or heteroaryl that is unsubstituted or is substituted with at least one substituent that is halo, C1 to C6 alkyl or C1 to C6 alkoxy and R″ is C3 to C12 branched alkyl or an organic or inorganic cation. The process comprises treating a solution comprising a compound of the formula wherein m, R and R′ are as defined above and an aliphatic ester of the formula X—(CH2)n—O—CH2—CO(O)R″ where X is a leaving group and n and R″ are as defined above, with an effective amount of a base for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form a piperazine-substituted aliphatic carboxylate.

Abstract: A dry feed composition for swine is disclosed. The dry feed composition includes as ingredients at least one or more animal protein products, marine products, milk products, grain products, plant protein products and processed grain by-products as well as natural and artificial flavors so as to balance the feed ration for protein, fiber, energy and palatability. The dry feed composition additionally comprises sufficient protein product to form a dry feed composition comprising a total crude protein content of at least 19%.By feeding the swine the dry feed composition of the present invention, the period of time required to bring swine to market is substantially reduced.