Abstract: The present invention relates to a three-layer film formed of polyesters, which is preferably produced in a coextrusion process. The film is suitable for embossing and does not tend to stick to the embossing tool, even at elevated temperatures. Under a thermal load which is necessarily applied in the further processing of the film, the depth of embossing is not changed or is only negligibly changed. The three-layer film formed of polyesters has external layers with higher melting points than the intermediate layer. Preferably, the external layers comprise polyethylene terephthalate and the intermediate layer of copolyester.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiple-stage flash devolatilization process, and apparatus for use therein, for recovering volatiles from mass processable polymers, which enables optimally low pressures to be employed without the necessity for refrigeration to condense the volatiles recovered thereby, comprising separating the volatiles from the polymeric material by flashing in a first flash devolatilization zone to remove the majority of the volatiles and then flashing in at least one additional flash devolatilization zone maintained at a lower pressure, preferably as low as practically possible, to remove residual volatiles, and then recovering the volatiles for further use by feeding the volatiles recovered from the additional flash zones back into the stream of volatiles leaving the first flash zone, the higher pressure of which allows the combined free volatiles present therein to then be condensed in a conventional non-refrigeration cooling process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing expandable beads of vinyl aromatic polymer resin which provide cellular materials having a smaller and more uniform cell size, comprising the steps of suspension polymerizing beads of the vinyl aromatic polymer resin, and impregnating the beads while in suspension with a liquid blowing agent in the presence of an emulsifier comprising a diethanolamide of a fatty acid containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance lower than 15.

Abstract: Water is recovered from air by a process utilizing the differences in the day-time and night temperatures of such air. The process is especially useful in subtropical desert areas. It consists in alternately removing the moisture from the cool night air by adsorption on suitable adsorbing agents and especially on silica gel and by utilizing the hot day-time air and, if desired and available, the radiation energy of the sun for desorption of the water stored in the adsorbing agent and for condensing the desorbed water by means of the cold stored during the night. An especially suitable silica gel is used for adsorption of the water contained in the air. The energy required for operating the plant is produced by passing the recovered water through energy producing installations such as turbines before it is used as drinking water or for irrigation. The process is very economical and, in contrast to seawater desalination processes, does not require additional thermal energy.

Abstract: A tobacco-filled smoking article adapted to produce a low proportion of toxic substances such as carbon monoxide in the gaseous products of combustion comprising a tobacco filling and means to confine said tobacco, wherein within the volume of tobacco, there is at least one tobaccoless region separated from the tobacco by a substantially air-impermeable partition.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte tube closed at one end and two porous electrode layers respectively coated on the outer and inner surfaces of the electrolyte tube constitute a known oxygen concentration cell. A tubular metal shell encloses the electrolyte tube partly such that a closed end portion of the tube protrudes from the shell and that the outer electrode coating is locally in contact with the inside of the shell. To protect the open end of the electrolyte tube against splashing of water during use without interrupting the admission of atmospheric air as a reference gas into the inside of the electrolyte tube, a tubular cap member of a metal is coaxially fixed to and electrically connected at its one end to the shell at one end portion surrounding the open end of the electrolyte tube, and a cross-sectionally circular plug of an insulating material is coaxially and tightly received in and fixed to the cap member to occupy an end portion, contiguous to the free end, of the interior of the cap member.

Abstract: A roofing and surfacing material and method for applying such material is disclosed. The surfacing material comprises weather-resistant light-weight polymeric substrate and a membrane of water impermeable pressure-sensitive adhesive material adhered onto a suitable base. In the preferred embodiment, the present invention comprises a synthetic polymeric substrate of 0.05 to 0.75 pounds per square foot, a water impermeable pressure-sensitive membrane of epoxy adhesive, and optionally an electrical heating grid embedded in said epoxy membrane.

Abstract: 4-amino-3-methyl-2,9-dioxatricyclo[4,3,1,0.sup.3,7 ]decane derivatives are disclosed which exhibit analgesic properties, and which have the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein ONE OF R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents hydrogen and the other represents an amino group which is substituted by an arylalkyl group or an arylalkenyl group,One of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represents hydrogen and the other represents alkoxy, andY and y' each represent hydrogen or jointly form a bond, and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, as well as pharmaceutical formulations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring fuel consumption of liquid-fuel engines with variable power yield depending on operating conditions, especially the fuel consumption of automotive engines, characterized by one fuel metering unit each for return fuel flow and/or forward fuel flow, consisting of: a pair of circular chambers; a freely rotating gear, located within each said chamber; tangentially arranged holes extending into each circular chamber and acting as entry and outlet ports for fuel; a light transmitting component, located in the wall of each chamber and closing the chambers in the zones of the teeth of a ring gear; an infra-red transmitter and an infra-red receiver external to each chamber on one optical axis with the light transmitting components; and a measuring circuit connected to each infra-red receiver, and including a pulse transformer and a comparison circuit.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for increasing the range of depth of focus when optically imaging three dimensional objects having different depth ranges corresponding to desired image levels wherein the object is focused through at a plurality of levels to produce a plurality of images. At each level, the image produced has sharp details and unfocused details. Each image is filtered with a high pass filter to suppress unfocused details and to pass sharp details. The images are then summed to produce a composite image containing only the sharp details passed by the filtering step. If desired, the filter may be selectively by-passed in order to sum unfiltered images. By utilizing the method of an apparatus for practicing the instant invention more meaningful visual displays of three-dimensional objects are obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal shoe drum brake which comprises a back plate, two brake shoes, and shoe return springs biasing the shoes to brake release positions. An extensible strut has one end engaged by one of the brake shoes and has a rotary member with a ratchet teeth which may be rotated to extend the strut. The strut is rotatably mounted on a cross shaft to which a toggle lever is securely mounted for rotation therewith. The toggle lever extends through the back plate and has an operating arm, which is operatively connected to a parking brake lever mounted within a passenger compartment, disposed on an outside of the back plate and an actuating arm disposed on the inside of the back plate and engaged by the other brake shoe.

Abstract: N,N-Dimethylaminomethane diphosphonic acid is produced in an advantageous, simple, and economical manner and in a high yield by reacting dimethylformamide, phosphorous acid, and phosporus oxychloride.

Abstract: A shifting rod is provided intergrally with a block formed thereon with two projections spaced apart from each other laterally of the shifting rod to provide a space between the projections so that it is necessary to move a gear change lever in two directions intersecting each other for axially moving the shifting rod from one of its opposite shifting positions into the other shifting position.

Abstract: A sighting device is provided for a bow in which a sight is supported on a mount and the mount is mounted on a toothed rack. The mount has a worm gear thereon which meshes with the teeth of the rack to allow vertical adjustment of the mount and thus the sight with respect to the rack in order to adjust for altitude. The rack includes a standard scale thereon and a space for individualized markings of altitude gradations. Preferably, the rack is attached to a horizontal support having a slot extending therein. A bolt fits through the slot in the horizontal support and is screwed to a cradle secured to the bow in order to mount the sighting device on the bow.

Abstract: A universal microscope condenser includes a supporting member having a fixed lens mounted thereon. A pivot arm is pivoted to the supporting member and a first lens member mounted on the pivot arm for movement by the pivot arm into optical alignment with the fixed lens. The supporting member also includes a carrier slide which has a second lens member mounted thereon. The first and second lens members can be switched in and out of optical alignment with the fixed lens to vary the aperture and luminous field of the universal microscope condenser. Also included is a variable aperture stop disposed between the first and second lens members. Preferably, the first lens member moves along an arcuate path which intersects the optical axis of the fixed lens and the second lens member moves along a path which is tangent to the arcuate path of the first lens member when the first lens member is aligned with the optical axis of the fixed lens.

Abstract: A countershaft type power transmission comprises a select shaft operatively connected with a select motor and a shift shaft operatively connected with a shift motor. The select motor and shift motor actuate the select shaft and shift shaft in response to various vehicle operating conditions, including the position of a control lever so as to engage a desired gear within the transmission. Means is provided for temporarily connecting the operative connecton between the shift motor and the shift shaft when the control lever is moved toward and into the reverse position, so that the shift shaft can be manually rotated via a mechanical connection between the control lever and the shift shaft to engage reverse gear.

Abstract: A flow rate detector of the type comprising a corona discharge circuit to cause partial ionization of a fluid at a section of a fluid passage and a probe positioned downstream for detecting the amount of ions carried by the fluid as an indication of the fluid flow velocity. To achieve direct detection of mass flow rate even when the fluid exhibits fluctuation in its density, the detector includes a control circuit which serves the function of maintaining the intensity of a discharge current flowing through the corona discharge circuit constant.

Abstract: A valuable composite material is produced by sintering together a first starting material A composed of at least one mineral component, preferably of the apatite group and a second starting material B composed of an inorganic multi-component system, such as a glass or a glass ceramic material which may contain at least one modifier. The modifier may be an agent causing under the sintering conditions foaming of the composite material, such as a carbonate, or it may be a radioactive agent. The first starting material may also contain an inorganic permutite serving as ion exchange agent. The composite material is useful as implant material in the animal and human body for replacing damaged bones or teeth, as a radioactive source, for instance, for exposing the body to radioactive irradiation, as an ion donor, for instance, for supplying the body with calcium, magnesium, and/or potassium ions, as a filter material for removing harmful agents from the body, and for other purposes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a motorized chain saw, comprising: a handle-housing member including at least one handle for carrying the saw; at least one crankcase member; and at least one means including a vibration-damping elastic member for providing a shock absorbing connection between the housing member and the crankcase member. The elastic member is laterally expandable and includes at least one axial expansion opening for accepting a selectively insertable means for expanding the rubber elastic member.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having a carburetor, a mixture ratio control system by means of which the fuel-to-air ratio of the combustible mixture to be produced in the carburetor is regulated toward a predetermined target value and furthermore the pressure in the fuel delivery circuit of the carburetor is temporarily increased or decreased at an incipient stage during a period of time for which the fuel-to-air ratio of the mixture as detected from the exhaust gases resulting from the mixture is reduced below or increased beyond the predetermined target value.