Abstract: A computer numerical control system for controlling and monitoring machine motion. The CNC system combines a CNC executive and a logic engine for controlling execution of a part program. The logic engine is capable of executing under an operating system of a personal computer. The logic engine is coupled to the CNC executive such that the logic application can be executed in synchronization with the CNC executive.

Abstract: A networked system combines multiple workstations, storage devices and file handlers with multiple computer numerical controls. Typically, each workstation comprises a personal computer with a Windows-based operating system utilizing a standard process-to-process communication protocol, such as Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). This type of system allows a wide variety of M-to-N topologies in CNC environments. Further, the use of a file management system, according to the present invention, allows the activation and execution of part program operations at a computer numerical control on files accessed through standard open networks.

Abstract: A system of interlocking modules for use with a programmable logic controller. The system utilizes a plurality of modules, e.g. input/output modules, that are mechanically and electrically interlinked. Modules are electrically connected to adjacent modules by plug portions The mechanical interlocking features and the plug portions are designed to permit insertion and removal of individual modules disposed between adjacent modules, without moving either of the adjacent modules. Also, the plug portions are designed to isolate the electrical connections from vibration.

Abstract: A computer numerical control system for providing more efficient execution of part program blocks. The computer numerical control system selectively may be utilized in a synchronous mode in which the part program blocks are executed under control of a logic engine. This synchronous operation may be changed to an asynchronous operation, and vice versa, by providing a synchronization control parameter in the part program. Additionally, the system may be switched to an auto-synchronous mode in which part program block execution automatically is accomplished in either synchronous mode or asynchronous mode depending on the content of the data blocks being processed.

Abstract: A system and method for programming a Hall effect sensor while the sensor is connected into the circuitry for a given application. The system includes a fixture for receiving the printed circuit board to which the sensor is mounted. A plurality of contacts, such as pogo pins, are arranged to contact the circuit board at desired pads that permit programming of the sensor, reduction of the voltage applied to the overall circuit during programming, and measurement of the sensor and circuit output. The system includes a voltage limiting circuitry that is electrically connected, via appropriate pogo pins, to the circuitry intermediate the subject sensor and potentially damaged circuit components.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting ground fault currents in multi-phase power systems. The system and method utilize a gapped core having a central opening. The central opening allows the multiple conductors, e.g. three conductors, to pass therethrough as a group. A sensor, such as a Hall generator, is disposed in the gap of the core and provides an output signal when the current flowing through the multi-phase conductor is unbalanced. The signal output is designed to be proportional to the detected ground fault current.

Abstract: A controller assembly utilizes a base unit that receives a dockable processor unit. The controller assembly typically is a programmable logic controller that permits base units and processor units to be interchanged according to the requirements of a specific application. The base unit includes a power supply, I/O circuitry and interface circuitry, and the processor unit includes a processor, such as a CPU. A unique latching mechanism secures the processor unit to the base unit. The latching mechanism also includes a lever assembly that facilitates removal of the processor unit from the base unit.

Abstract: A system of interlocking modules for use with a programmable logic controller. The system utilizes a plurality of modules, e.g. input/output modules, that are mechanically interlinked to obviate the need for a rack or back plane. Each module includes a movable plug portion that selectively may be moved into engagement with a corresponding plug receptacle of the next adjacent module. The mechanical interlocking features and the plug portions are designed to permit insertion and removal of individual modules disposed between adjacent modules, without moving either of the adjacent modules.

Abstract: A programmable controller reduces the power used by the relays. The controller design permits energization of relay coils without subsequent maintenance of the relatively high voltage required for energization. The design permits the voltage across the relay to be lowered to an activated relay coil maintenance level with a design that minimizes the space required for the relay circuitry.

Abstract: A loosening-resistant threaded fastener system and method of use includes a washer that is axially movable on a threaded stud, a threaded nut having threads which cooperate with the threaded stud, and a washer anti-rotation mechanism to prevent the washer from rotating on the stud about a fastening axis. One of the washer and the nut may include a plurality of protrusions while the other of the washer and the nut has a plurality of detents. The protrusions and the detents engage one another at a plurality of angular positions. Rotating the nut on the stud while in contact with the washer results in distinct, audible clicks which may be counted to obtain a pre-determined tightness.

Abstract: A touch probe includes a base structure and a stylus supporting member. The base structure and stylus supporting member are connected by six extensible legs that permit the stylus supporting member to move with six degrees of freedom relative to the base structure. A plurality of sensors are arranged to measure movement of the stylus supporting member relative to the base structure along all six axes.

Abstract: A metrology device determines the position of a machine component relative to a datum along three linear and three rotational axes. The metrology device has a pair of support structures connected by six legs that are each disposed at an angle with respect to the next adjacent leg. One of the support structures can be connected to the datum and the other can be connected to the machine component. A sensor cooperates with each leg to sense the actuation of that leg as the support structures move relative to one another. The combination of signals provided by the legs can be used to track movement of the machine component relative to the datum.

Abstract: A three-axis machine control structure includes a support structure and a machine component to which a workpiece or tool can be attached. Three control arms are connected between the machine component and the support structure. Preferably, each control arm is pivotably connected to the support structure and to the machine component and includes a pair of four-bar linkages connected in series. The control arms are oriented to permit rapid movement of the machine component along any or all of the three linear axes, while restricting movement of the machine component along the rotational axes.

Abstract: A three-axis sensor device, such as a probe, includes a base structure and a stylus supporting member. The base structure and stylus supporting member are connected by three linkages that limit movement of the stylus supporting member relative to the base structure to movement along the three linear axes. Each linkage includes parallel articulated legs that limit rotational motion of the stylus supporting member. Three sensors also are disposed between the base structure and the stylus supporting member to sense movement of one with respect to the other.

Abstract: A mechanical control structure is used with a machine, such as a machine tool. The control structure includes a base and a tool support member connected by a linkage assembly having three linkages arranged in a triangular pattern. The linkages cooperate to prevent rotational movement of the tool support member relative to the base along any of the three rotational axes. Three linear actuators are also connected between the base and the tool support member to move the tool support member relative to the base along a predetermined path.

Abstract: A barrier device for preventing unwanted penetration of finishing materials from one surface onto another is disclosed. The barrier device is particularly useful to protect one surface from unwanted penetration of paint or varnish while the adjacent surface is coated. The barrier device includes a flexible sheet having a substantial width and a narrower strip capable of retaining an impression. The strip and sheet are applied to a textured surface by pressing the strip onto the surface with sufficient force such that the strip material retains an impression of the texture.

Abstract: A device is designed for easy application of an antiseptic, such as peroxide, to an injured area. The device includes a housing having a central cavity in which an absorbent pad, such as a sponge, is permanently affixed. An antiseptic, e.g. peroxide, is also disposed within the cavity and absorbed by the pad. A flexible cover is sealed to the housing to close the cavity and contain the absorbent pad and the antiseptic. The cover is designed for easy removal to expose the pad and its absorbed antiseptic.

Abstract: A three-axis machine is disclosed. The machine includes a machine component to which a workpiece or tool can be attached. An actuator, such as three powered extensible legs, is connected between the machine component and a support structure. Three control arms also are connected between the machine component and the support structure. Preferably, each control arm is pivotably connected to the support structure and the machine component and includes a pair of four-bar linkages connected in series. The control arms are oriented to permit rapid movement of the machine component along any or all of the three linear axes, while restricting rotational movement of the machine component along the rotational axes.

Abstract: A multi-axis machine is disclosed. The machine includes an adjustable external framework having a pair of support structures connected by a plurality of servostruts. A multi-axis manipulator is attached to one support structure and may be designed to carry a tool. A workpiece may be attached to the other support structure for interaction with the tool as the tool is moved by the multi-axis manipulator. The controlled extension and retraction of both the framework struts and manipulator struts provide the multi-axis machine with increased versatility of operation.

Abstract: A three-axis continuous, sensor device, such as a probe, includes a base structure and a stylus supporting member. The base structure and stylus supporting member are connected by three control arms that limit movement of the stylus supporting member relative to the base structure to movement along the three linear axes. Each control arm includes a pair of four-bar parallel linkages connected in series. Three sensor legs also are connected between the base structure and the stylus supporting member to sense movement of one with respect to the other.