Abstract: An ammonia production process in which excess nitrogen and traces of carbon oxides are removed from raw ammonia synthesis gas firstly by application of partial condensation and secondly by application of washing action provided by carbon-oxides-free liquified gas, rich in nitrogen, which is derived from a cryogenic process used preferentially for separation of hydrogen from the ammonia synthesis loop purge gas as produced in processes which use excess of nitrogen above stoichiometric requirements in the circulating gas in the synthesis loop.

Abstract: The present invention cleans gas produced from solid carbonaceous materials in a two stage gas producer. Second stage gas from the gas producer is passed through a first precipitator to remove oil mist and particulates from the second stage gas. First stage gas from the gas producer is passed through a cyclone to remove particulates from the first stage gas. The first stage gas from the cyclone is cooled and then mixed with the second stage gas from the first precipitator. The temperature of the gas mixture is maintained at least at the temperature of the second stage gas. The gas mixture is cooled to a temperature in the range of about 25.degree. F. to about 125.degree. F. above the water dew point of the gas mixture. The cooled gas mixture is subsequently passed through a second precipitator to remove oil mist and particulates from the gas mixture and to yield an industrial usable gas.

Abstract: Sulphur is manufactured out of sulphur dioxide containing gases by dividing the feed gas in two flows of gas having a volume ratio of 2 to 1 and reducing the greater flow of gas on a carbon containing substance like anthracite, thereby obtaining hydrogen sulfide which is mixed with the smaller flow of gas, the mixture being converted in a Claus process to sulphur.

Abstract: A method of using solar energy in a chemical synthesis process comprising steam reforming hydrocarbons or gasifying carbonaceous fuel, converting the product of the steam reforming of hydrocarbons or the gasifying of carbonaceous fuels to an ammonia synthesis gas, converting the ammonia synthesis gas to ammonia, supplying the heat required for the steam reforming of hydrocarbons or the gasifying of carbonaceous fuels by a heat transfer fluid, heating the heat transfer fluid in a solar receiver when solar energy is available, heating the heat transfer fluid by combusting a portion of the ammonia when sufficient solar energy is not available to supply the necessary heat to the heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: A process of preparing a donor solvent for coal liquefaction. Liquefied coal is distilled to separate the coal into a fraction having a boiling point less than about 350.degree. F. and a residue having a boiling point greater than about 350.degree. F. The residue from the distillation is deasphalted in a first solvent capable of substantially extracting from the residue a first oil comprising lower molecular weight compounds and saturated compounds. The residue from the first deasphalting step is then deasphalted in a second solvent capable of substantially extracting from the residue a second oil comprising concentrated aromatic and heterocyclic compounds and leaving in the residue asphaltenes and ash. The second oil can be used as a donor solvent. The second oil extracted in the second deasphalting step is preferably partially hydrogenated prior to use as a donor solvent for the liquefaction of coal.

Abstract: A gas turbine heat recovery system that can be used in steam reforming plants is disclosed. The system utilizes a high pressure steam superheater and a high pressure feedwater heater to recover the heat from the exhaust gas turbine.

Abstract: A process for removal of excess nitrogen and carbon oxides from a raw synthesis gas used to make ammonia. The raw synthesis gas is divided into two portions. The first portion is methanated to remove carbon oxides and then cooled to condense part of its nitrogen content. The condensed nitrogen is fed to the top of a nitrogen wash column. The second portion of the raw synthesis gas is passed over an absorbent which removes carbon dioxide and water vapor. It is then cooled to condense excess nitrogen. The remaining gas is fed to the bottom of a nitrogen wash column where it is washed free of carbon monoxide by the nitrogen condensed from the methanated gas stream.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of quenching heated coke in a coke drum. Quench water is fed into the coke drum to cool the coke, and the stress in the coke drum wall is monitored during the quenching. The rate of feeding the quench water into the coke drum is regulated to prevent the stress in the coke drum wall from exceeding a predetermined limit. The stress is monitored by measuring either the longitudinal thermal gradient or the rates of change in the drum wall temperature over time.

Abstract: A process for the production of an oxygenated organic product, such as methanol, from a feedstock containing carbon, comprising the steps of: (a) gasifying the feedstock with high purity oxygen to obtain a raw synthesis gas stream comprising methane, hydrogen, and carbon oxides; (b) mixing the raw synthesis gas stream with a hydrogen-rich gas stream to form a final synthesis gas stream; (c) injecting the final synthesis gas stream into a synthesis loop, forming the oxygenated organic product in the loop and extracting from the loop a purge gas stream; (d) separating the purge gas cryogenically to form the hydrogen-rich gas stream, an argon-rich gas stream, and a methane-rich gas stream; and (e) recycling the hydrogen-rich gas stream to step (b).

Abstract: A process for the production of ammonia, comprising the steps of: (a) gasifying a feedstock containing carbon and a source of hydrogen with air as the only source of free oxygen, to produce a raw synthesis gas comprising nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon oxides, and methane; (b) subjecting the raw synthesis gas to a shift conversion reaction; (c) removing the carbon oxides from the shift converted raw synthesis gas to produce a purified synthesis gas; (d) mixing the purified synthesis gas with a hydrogen-rich gas to form a final synthesis gas; (e) injecting the final synthesis gas into an ammonia synthesis loop to produce ammonia and a purge gas; (f) separating the purge gas cryogenically, to produce a methane-rich gas, a nitrogen-rich gas, and the hydrogen-rich gas; and (g) recycling the hydrogen-rich gas to step (d). The methane-rich stream is at least partially recycled to step (a). Sulfur compounds, if necessary, may be removed from the raw synthesis gas.

Abstract: SO.sub.2 -containing gas is made to contact a carbon-containing material to reduce the gas to a gas mixture containing sulfur and also containing H.sub.2 S and SO.sub.2 in a volume ratio of 2:1. The sulfur is then removed by condensation and the remaining gas mixture subjected to a Claus-process treatment to obtain additional sulfur from it.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided for reforming hydrocarbon with steam, comprising a nickel containing catalyst in the form of an activated elongated strip.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur dioxide from an off-gas and converting it to elemental sulfur wherein steam is introduced into a sulfur dioxide-containing off-gas, and the composite is passed through a reactor containing a mixture of fresh and recycled coal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a molding composition comprising rubber hydrocarbon polymer and a filler of finely divided petroleum coke.Also disclosed herein is a useful article, such as a battery container or a cover therefor, molded from the composition and having satisfactory chemical properties (including particularly resistance to harsh chemicals such as battery electrolyte) and satisfactory combined physical properties of stiffness (hereinafter called "flexural modulus") and impact strength.