Abstract: The invention discloses a NAND flash controller, including a command and address data transmission channel adapted to connect the bus timing interface with the channel selector and transmit command and address data, a data buffer region adapted to receive message data from the bus timing interface through system bus, a control register adapted to receive an operation parameter configured through system bus via the bus timing interface, a logic controller adapted to write the data information into or read the data information from the data buffer region according to the operation parameter, a channel selector adapted to connect the DMA data transmission channel or the command and address data transmission channel according to the operation parameter for transmitting data. The invention also discloses a date exchange method between NAND flash controller and NAND flash memory. The invention improves the data transmission efficiency and is compatible with various NAND flash memories.

Abstract: A battery charger includes a supply voltage unit supplying a power supply voltage, a constant current generator receiving the power supply voltage and outputting a substantially constant current, and a timer whose output is coupled to the constant current generator. The timer outputs the timer output in response to a transition in the power supply voltage. The supply voltage unit changes a magnitude of the power supply voltage in response to the timer output so that the substantially constant current is changed from a first current level to a second current level.

Abstract: A method for a recognition system, for example for recognizing a location name according to a preset, spelled voice entry, in order to shorten the reaction time for a new start of a system in which data must first be transferred from a reading memory into a working memory via a connection at a low data rate. According to the method, the data are grouped in data blocks, corresponding to successive structural levels, with the data content being arranged in the manner of a branched tree structure, and with the data blocks in the hierarchical sequence of the associated structural branch levels being consecutively transferred from the reading to the working memory. The recognition has already begun, on the basis of the still-incomplete data set, after a plurality of levels is present, and is continued in real time with the transfer of further data blocks. The average processing time can be reduced further through an advantageous structuring and grouping of the data.

Abstract: A method and arrangement are provided for guiding a drive chain in an area of a reversing chain wheel of a pedestrian conveyor system. The drive chain contains plate link elements, connecting elements connecting the plate link elements in leading and trailing coupling areas of the respective plate link elements, and guide rolls respectively located in the spaces between the coupling areas. The arrangement is such that the drive chain is guided into the chain wheel so that, as seen in the direction of movement, the connecting element in a leading coupling area of one plate link element is guided into an associated reception area of the chain wheel. The guiding roll of that plate link element is then brought into a corresponding cap-shaped indentation of the reversing wheel.

Abstract: An endoprosthesis for replacing osseous areas in the diaphysial and metaphysial region of a bone and for connecting separate segments of the bone includes at least one intramedullary securing member and an intermediate member having at least one end region and being divided longitudinally into two detachably connected part elements. Each at least one end region defines a respective recess so that when the two part elements are connected together, each at least one end region forms an axially extending passage that retains one of the at least one intramedullary securing members.

Abstract: An air-bag unit (1) adapted to be positioned on a floor pan of a motor vehicle in the foot-well to be located beneath the feet of an occupant of the vehicle has a substantially sealed damp-proof housing containing an air-bag (11) formed of fabric, the housing having a substantially rigid upper cover (8), the unit being such that on inflation of the air-bag (11) the cover of the housing is lifted, from its initial position to an elevated position.

Abstract: A gyroscope that may include various sources of error, with those sources of error each being dependent upon a different parameter, is associated with a simulation or “model” of the gyroscope which is typically a computer simulation. The computer simulation is provided with errors which can be adjusted to be identical with the errors present in the real gyroscope. An arrangement is provided to adjust the errors in the model of the gyroscope to be identical with the errors in the real gyroscope, that arrangement including Kalman filters which receive signals generated by subtracting the outputs of the real gyroscope and the model gyroscope, while simultaneously varying the various inputs to the real gyroscope. The Kalman filters also generate a signal which is an estimate of the angular rotation being sensed by the real gyroscope.

Abstract: A drawing mechanism for the doubling and drafting of fiber slivers has a drawing mechanism frame for accommodating the drawing mechanism, which has at least two pairs of rollers each comprising an upper roller and a lower roller and has means for adjusting the spacing of at least one of the lower rollers in relation to another lower roller, in each case having a mounting device for accommodating the lower roller, lower rollers are arranged to be driven by a drive device comprising at least one drive element endlessly revolving around pulley wheels and each lower roller has a roller-driving pulley wheel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-voltage transformer arrangement which converts to the direct current voltage from a direct current voltage source (2) into a direct current voltage output signal (Vout), using a current inverter (4) and a transformer (8) to an output rectifier (12), which is connected downstream, and a filter (14). The transformer (8) has a transformer core comprising several interruption points in the magnetic path, at which insulator sections are located. The individual core sections are controlled by potential. The separate transformer core sections together with their corresponding windings form a primary system and a secondary system, which is separated from said primary system both spatially and in terms of potential, having a relatively high stray inductance.

Abstract: Delivery device for removing printed products which straddle a saddle-shaped support of a conveying arrangement with the aid of circulating carriers. A gripping device comprises two rotating gripping members respectively positioned on the circumference of a rotating support between which the printed products are gripped and lifted off the conveying arrangement. Preferably, the gripping members have a curved outer shell surface that forms an essentially circular contour together with an outer shell surface of a support. The printed products are pulled off horizontally with initially high speed from the conveying arrangement and then transferred vertically to another conveying arrangement. The collision with the subsequent printed product is avoided even with high production capacity.

Abstract: The inventive opto-electronic switch comprises a light-emitting element (1) and a receiving element (2) which outputs a first signal (U(t)) whose value changes according to the amount of light received. The emitting element (1) and the receiving element (2) are arranged in such a manner that the light emitted by the emitting element (1) is diffused or reflected by objects, which are located within a determined area, such that at least one portion of this diffused or reflected light reaches the receiving element (2). The first signal (U(t)) is fed to an evaluation unit in which a switching element (18) changes its switching state if the change of the amount of reflected or dispersed light received by the receiving element, which is caused by motion of the object, is located within the limits of a predetermined motion pattern that corresponds to a tapping of a defined area. The evaluation unit determines time-variable changes in motion and identifies a change in motion of the object as tapping.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic converter, especially for motor vehicles, and to a method for the production thereof. The inventive method is characterized in that a monolithic packet (17) consisting of at least one monolith (1) with wrap-around supporting matting (7) is pressed into a tube section (2) acting as a housing. The tube section (2) has two longitudinal sections (9, 10) with different inner cross-sectional surfaces. The monolithic packet (17) is pressed inwards from the end (21) of the tube section with the bigger or biggest inner cross-sectional surface. The inventive catalytic converter is characterized in that it has at least one contracted longitudinal section (9) with a reduced diameter (12) or reduced inner cross-sectional surface, whereby the inner surface (5a) of the tube section (2) runs parallel to the central longitudinal axis (32) thereof.

Abstract: An espresso brewing device with a brewing unit, a magazine able to rotate via an electric motor and equipped with a magazine table (17) supporting several magazine tubes (20) located along its circumference and open below for holding single-serving capsules (16) containing coffee powder is provided with means for the individual dispensing of single-serving capsules (16) into the brewing unit and with a control system for controlling the rotation of the magazine table (17) up to the point where a magazine tube (20) containing the desired coffee type is in the dispensing position. In order to facilitate access to functionally-important parts, particularly the magazine, that are housed securely inside a casing, the brewing unit, the capsule conveying device and the magazine are positioned on a support frame (45) whereby the magazine, supported by a magazine drawer (18), is able to be pulled out.

Abstract: An insertion and gathering device having two deflection wheels, a conveying apparatus circulating around the deflection wheels, receiving containers coupled to and moved along successively by the conveying apparatus with each receiving container having a pocket with an open upper end constituting an insertion opening and extending crosswise to the conveying direction, a feed station for feeding folded products into the insertion openings, a removal station for removing folded products from the receiving devices, and a stationary opening device for opening the folded products arranged between the feed station and the removal station downstream of the first deflection wheel.

Abstract: A high frequency charger includes a charge circuit for charging a depleted battery and a boost circuit for jump-starting a vehicle. Two separate high frequency transformers are provided for the charge and boost circuits. A selector switch selectively activates at least one of the charging circuit and the boost circuit.

Abstract: A safety arrangement for a motor vehicle, comprises sensor (21, 22) to sense acceleration and a control system to control a triggering circuit (24) which is adapted to actuate or deploy a safety device in the form of an air-bag (27). The control system incorporates a processor (23) which has an input for activating a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) routine (31). An input (30) from the processor (23) which carries a command signal generated by the processor in response to a predetermined output from the sensors (21, 22) is connected an input which activates the NMI routine (31). The routine is designed to determine whether there are hardware and/or software thoughts that may invalidate the command, and to interrupt actuation or deployment of the safety device if any such fault is detected.

Abstract: An air-bag unit (1) is adapted to be positioned on the floor pan of a vehicle in the foot-well, to be located beneath the feet of an occupant of the vehicle. The air-bag unit has an upper cover (8) located above an air-bag. On inflation of the air-bag the cover (8) is lifted from its initial position to an elevated position. The cover (8) comprises two sections (9, 10) inter-connected by a hinge-line (11). On inflation of the air-bag part of the cover (8) adjacent the hinge-line (11) is elevated so a greater extent than the portions of the cover which are remote from the hinge-line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for providing information on the fiber structure, particularly for determining deviations from an average fiber structure, of a fiber rope in the tobacco-processing industry and especially a tobacco rope. A first measuring device generates a first measuring signal that essentially only indicates the density of the fiber rope. A second measuring device generates a second measuring signal that represents a function of fiber rope density and fiber geometry. An evaluation device uses the first and second measuring signals to generate an evaluation signal which provides information on the fiber structure, particularly the deviations from an average fiber structure.

Abstract: Apparatus for making one or more rod-like fillers of shredded tobacco for use in the making of cigarettes or the like employs one or two pneumatic conveyors having endless foraminous belts trained over pulleys and including elongated stretches below communicating parts of a common suction chamber. A shower of intermixed tobacco shreds and smaller particles including tobacco dust and coarser particles is directed against the under sides of the elongated stretches. The shreds are attracted to and advance with the respective belts to form streams which are ready to be trimmed and thereupon draped into cigarette paper or the like. At least some smaller particles penetrate through the respective belts into the corresponding parts of the suction chamber. The contents of the suction chamber are evacuated by suction and are returned to the undersides of the elongated stretches of the belts for classification.

Abstract: A specifically-reactive sample-collecting and testing device possessing a cavity or cavities each having a dimension small enough to enable sample liquid to be drawn into the cavity by capillary action, wherein a surface of the cavity carries an immobilized reagent appropriate to the test to be carried out in the device, and wherein said surface is a surface of a transparent solid plate to act as a light-transmissive waveguide and forming a wall of the cavity, said plate having an edge which is substantially optically smooth and transverse to the plane of the plate.