Abstract: Enzymes are immobilized for use in non-aqueous enzymatic reactions by dehydrating hydrocolloid gel beads having an average particle size of 5 to 150 microns and a network structure capable of swelling in aqueous media, immersing or suspending the dehyrated gel beads in an aqueous solution of enzyme where the beads swell and imbibe the enzyme solution, optionally dehydrating the resultant enzyme-containing gel beads and recovering the gel beads containing the enzyme. In a specific method, the hydrocolloid is carrageenan such a kappa carragennan, the enzyme is subtilisin Carlsberg, the aqueous enzyme solution contains 0.05% to 40 wt % enzyme and the amount of enzyme imbibed is 0.05 to 0.5 grams of enzyme per gram of dehydrated gel beads.

Abstract: A process for producing compounds of the formula (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiORLi, wherein R is selected from alkyl groups containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, by reacting, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, in an inert atmosphere, a haloalcohol of the formula HORX, wherein R is selected from alkyl groups containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms and X is selected from chlorine or bromine, is reacted with neat hexamethyldisilazane at a temperature between 20.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., optionally in the presence of a catalyst, after which the resulting product, a trimethylsilyloxyalkylhalide compound, is reacted at a temperature between 50.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., with powdered lithium metal, in an inert hydrocarbon medium, to produce the (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiORLi compound.

Abstract: A process for quickly preparing easily separable solutions of lithium alkylamides, as exemplified by the formula(R.sub.3 M).sub.x NLi(R1).sub.y.(LB).sub.z (I)wherein M is silicon or carbon, R and R.sup.1 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkylene groups, LB is a Lewis base, x and y are integers equaling 2, and z is greater than 1, comprising the steps of reacting lithium metal in bulk form with an alkylamine in mole ratios of metal to alkylamine ranging from 2 to 1 to 10 to 1 in a solvent selected from ethereal or selected from the group consisting of conjugated dienes, vinyl aromatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds, under an inert atmosphere at elevated temperatures for 1 to 10 hours, cooling the product and separating the product solution from the unreacted lithium metal in the reactor.

Abstract: Unreacted phosphorus and heavy metals, such as arsenic and antimony, are removed in environmentally acceptable form from the non-aqueous still bottoms residue resulting from the production of PCl.sub.3, by reacting the residue with an excess of calcium hydroxide in the form of an aqueous lime slurry and separating the reaction product into a precipitate and a filtrate. The reaction with lime slurry may be preceded by hydrolysis with water. The precipitate passes the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test and the filtrate contains less than 5 ppm of the heavy metals, thus permitting disposal by landfill and sewering, respectively, under EPA regulations.

Abstract: A low fat spread, being a water-in-oil emulsion, having a fat substitute which has a particle size in the range of 8-35 microns. A low fat spread having a unique combination of stabilizer, emulsifier, and fat substitute to provide less than 28% fat, and the method for making the low fat spread.

Abstract: The viscosity of gellable starch-based systems is enhanced synergistically by admixing with the starch a glucomannan such as konjac. The improved viscosity is maintained at elevated temperature. Other food ingredients may be added to the mixture prior to gelation. Sols formed from the mixture exhibit improved cling to smooth surfaces such as poultry, fish and vegetables, and the resulting gels have high strength and stability even at elevated temperature. The gels become thermally stable by addition of an alkali either before or after gelling, or by freezing the gels with or without addition of an alkali. The compositions are useful in a wide variety of food and industrial applications.

Abstract: Bithienyl compounds of the following structural formula are phototoxic insecticides and acaricides: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, haloalkenoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, nitro, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, and alkylthio provided R.sub.4 is other than hydrogen;R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and halogen, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 at adjacent positions are joined to form C.sub.4 H.sub.4 ;R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, thienyl, and phenyl optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, or 1-2 halogen; andR.sub.4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkenylthio, formyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, dialkylphosphono, and nitro.

Abstract: Thiophene derivatives of the following formula are effective as acaricdies: ##STR1## wherein A is selected from -phenylthienyl and -phenyl optionally carrying one or more substitutents selected from -lower alkyl, -lower alkoxy, -phenoxy, -hydroxy, -halogen, -lower haloalkyl, -phenylcarbonyl, -lower alkyl carbonyloxy, -lower alkyl sulfonyl, -lower alkyl sulfonyloxy, -amino, -lowr alkyl carboxamido, and -lower haloalkyl carboxamido;R.sub.4 is selected from -hydrogen and -lower alkyl; andR.sub.5 is selected from -thienyl optionally carrying one or more substituents selected from -lower alkyl, -phenylethynyl, -lower alkylthio, -lower haloalkyl carbonyl, and lower alkyl sulfoxy; or -phenyl optionally carrying one or more substituents selected from -lower alkyl and -lower alkoxy.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula, ##STR1## formulations thereof, and their use as herbicides are disclosed and exemplified.

Abstract: 1R,cis-trifluoromethylethenylcyclopropanecarbonyl compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which X is halogen and R is halogen, hydroxy, lower alkoxy or an optionally substituted 1,1'-biphenyl-3-methyloxy group, their method of preparation and utility as insecticides and intermediates therefore are described and exemplified.