Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film containing a specific calcium carbonate is described. The calcium carbonate contained in the film is specified by its vaterite form, its average particles size of 0.07 to 1.5 .mu.m, and its particle size distribution ratio of not more than 2.00. The biaxially oriented polyester film containing such specific calcium carbonate is excellent in both the running property and wear resistance, and suitable for the use as a base of magnetic recording media.

Abstract: An improved dynamic frequency divider circuit is disclosed. A DC voltage generating circuit (10) generates a DC voltage (Vcon) having a level the same as a threshold voltage of an inverter. A voltage application circuit (41) supplies a voltage (Vcon) to one electrode of a capacitor through a high frequency signal component cut-off coil (8), and a high frequency signal component is superimposed on the provided DC voltage. Accordingly, an input signal of an inverter (1a) swings around the threshold voltage level as a center, so that the inverter (1a) can provide a signal having the duty cycle of 50% as an output. As a result, the dynamic frequency divider circuit can be prevented from malfunctioning.

Abstract: A pneumatic circuit for controlling a liquid filler. A pilot air conduit conducts high pressure air to a pilot valve and a back pressure piloted valve. The pilot valve is normally closed so as to prevent the supply of liquid product to a container. High pressure air in the pilot air conduit opens the pilot valve to actuate supply of liquid to the container. A level sensor positioned above the container being filled provides a back pressure signal to the back pressure piloted valve causing it to exhaust the high pressure pilot air from the pilot air conduit causing the pilot valve to close.

Abstract: With the aim of mitigating a decrease in flux of light and improving the light utilization efficiency, an optical conductor used in a liquid crystal lighting apparatus is constructed of a plurality of refractive layers N.sub.1, N.sub.2, . . . , N.sub.i of different refractive indices which are gradually lowered from light incident end surfaces to a center portion of the optical conductor. Light coming from the light incident end surfaces is refracted at interfaces of the refractive layers N.sub.1, N.sub.2, . . . , N.sub.i so as to reach a light outgoing surface at an incident angle .theta..sub.i which is smaller than a critical angle .theta..sub.w, thereby preventing all the beams from undergoing total reflection at the light outgoing surface and shortening the optical length in the optical conductor.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an image of a document, capable of charging a photoconductor by using a charging device includes a unit for detecting a value of a flowing current into the photoconductor, a unit for comparing the value of the flowing current with a predetermined life time current value of the photoconductor, and a unit for determining a layer thinning of the photoconductor at a time when the value of the flowing current exceeds the predetermined life time current value of the photoconductor so that the layer thinning is indicated.

Abstract: A process for preparing a carbon electrode comprising the steps of subjecting a hydrocarbon to pyrolysis in vapor phase to form a pyrolytic carbon having a specific half-width in X-ray diffractogram, subjecting the pyrolytic carbon to be in lithium vapor to obtain a lithium-intercalated pyrolytic carbon and forming the carbon electrode by utilizing the lithium-intercalated pyrolytic carbon as an electrode material.

Abstract: An FM modulator includes a base clock generating circuit (7) receiving an incoming video signal for generating an AFC reference frequency signal having a frequency and phase corresponding to a horizontal synchronizing signal of the incoming video signal, a first carrier reset pulse having the same frequency as the horizontal synchronizing signal and a second carrier reset pulse whose frequency is an integer mutliple of that of the horizontal synchronizing signal. The second reset pulse is generated at a timing speed lagged behind the first reset pulse. The FM modulator further includes an adder (3) for adding the first reset pulse to the incoming video signal for lowering the DC level at the leading edge portion of the horizontal synchronizing signal, and an oscillator (9, 9a, 9b, 10, 10a, 10b) whose oscillation frequency is changed dependent on the DC level of the output signal from the adder to produce a carrier FM modulated by the video signal. The oscillator is reset by the second reset pulse.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device in which a display area, a connecting area and a remaining area are set separately in ON (display) and OFF (non-display) states. Accordingly, even in the liquid crystal display device wherein a positive display (normally white display) is made, a negative display (normally black display) can be effected by switching the ON and OFF states. Similarly, in the liquid crystal display device wherein the negative display is made, it can be switched to the positive display. Since the ON and OFF states of a liquid crystal layer corresponding to each of the three color filters of red, green and blue can be set optionally, eight color displays are possible by combination of the three colors. The segment side and common side transparent electrodes are formed respectively in two divisions, so that the transparent electrode can be formed by a conventional patterning technique without using the precise patterning technique.

Abstract: A self-contained, reusable, electronic security label device and system wherein a tag device is attached to merchandise for the purpose of security, surveillance, pricing, tracking, accounting and inventory control. The device includes a programmable display for identifying the merchandise and displaying a price. A connector attaches the device to a piece of merchandise and an alarm is sounded in the event a device is tampered with or damaged, or upon unauthorized removal of the connector. The alarm is disarmed and the connector is detached upon receipt of a signal indicating the merchandise has been sold. The system includes read/write apparatus to electronically program, read and monitor devices attached to merchandise.

Abstract: Image processing elements forming an image processor for automatic inspection of circuits. Each processing element for performing a thinning algorithm passes along a data bit and a flag bit to each succeeding processing element. The flag bits permit a conditional deletion of a data bit. Within each processing element a feedback bit is used to indicate when a previous bit has been deleted. The skeletonized image is reviewed for identification of circuit geometries and counting the number of separate blobs. A report is generated in response to the identified geometry and blob count.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic head including the steps of forming a plurality of almost V-shaped parallel grooves in a surface of a substrate; forming a soft magnetic thin film larger in thickness than that required for a track width in one well of each of the grooves; processing the soft magnetic thin film at the top portion of the groove walls to a thickness required for the track width by ion milling utilizing a self-shadowing effect of the top portion of the groove walls; filling the grooves with nonmagnetic substance; and performing a finishing process required for completing a magnetic head including the steps of cutting, shaping, polishing, bonding, etc.

Abstract: A head for an ink-jet printer includes an elastic plate, a wall member defining an ink chamber together with the elastic plate, a nozzle provided in the wall member and communicated with the chamber, and a piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element is shaped in a plate, has a side face, which defines a thickness of the piezoelectric element, and is disposed such that the side face faces the elastic plate. The piezoelectric element presses the elastic plate at the side face by an expansion due to a piezoelectric effect in a direction toward the side face. The head further includes electrodes attached to the piezoelectric element for applying an electric voltage across the piezoelectric element so as to cause the piezoelectric effect.

Abstract: A time delay control system in which estimated unknown dynamics of a controlled process are caluclated using calculations representative of convolutions of a state transition matrix with past data. A user or high level controller provides desired dynamics for a process. Periodic measurements of the processor taken to determine an error vector between the desired dynamics and the actual state of the process. The desired dynamics are used to determine the desired effects based on the present measured value of the state variables. The desired effects and the estimated effects of unknown dynamics are combined and multiplied by a pseudo inverse of a control matrix to obtain a control value. An error vector is multiplied by a feedback gain matrix and added to the control value to produce signal inputs to the process.

Abstract: A still image recording method and apparatus for recording still images on a recording medium. The apparatus has memories for storing image signals of a plurality of fields. After synchronization of the image signals in the neighboring field with each other as is executed, accumulation value of differences between each of the synchronized image signals for one field is calculated. When the accumulation value is not above a predetermined value, frame recording on the recording medium is carried out. When the accumulation value is above the predetermined value, field recording on the recording medium is executed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for suppressing leakage spikes in a radar duplexer. A flash of radiant energy is triggered immediately prior to sending a radar pulse so as to ionize the gases in a duplexer tube before the leading edge of the radar pulse reaches the tube. The spike suppressor includes an radiant energy source which attaches to the radar duplexer so that the source shines into the duplexer tube. A pulse generator is provided for activating the source in response to a trigger signal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device includes the steps of: preparing a plurality of photovoltaic elements each including an insulator film, a first electrode, an amorphous semiconductor film for photoelectric conversion and a second electrode stacked in this order on a supporting substrate; electrically connecting the photovoltaic elements with each other; attaching a common protection film onto the second electrodes of the photovoltaic elements; and removing the supporting substrate from the photovoltaic elements, wherein the protection film mechanically couples the plurality of photovoltaic elements with each other.

Abstract: A cartridge fed infusion pump containing a plurality of linear peristaltic pumps. Each pump is powered by a direct current motor. The motor has a shaft which rotates to perform a pump cycle. A position encoder mounted on the shaft is used to determine when the shaft has reached the stop position in the pump cycle. A reverse pulse is used to quickly stop the motor shaft.

Abstract: A shaver handle having a shaft with a rear end attached to a substantially spherical portion. The front end of the shaft is attached to a shaver head for receiving a shaver head. The shaft attaches off center to the spherical portion. The larger portion of the sphere extends below the shaft in the direction of the shaver head.

Abstract: A head for an ink-jet printer includes a plurality of ink chambers arranged in parallel on a plane, a plurality of nozzles communicated with each of the chambers, and a piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element has a laminated structure in which at least one piezoelectric layer and at least two electrode layers sandwiching the piezoelectric layer are laminated, and is attached to the chambers so as to overlie the chambers with the layers being in parallel to the plane of arrangement of the chambers. The piezoelectric element includes a plurality of pressure portions and a plurality of slits. The slits face the chambers and deepen in a direction perpendicular to the plane of arrangement of the chamber so as to divide the pressure portions from other portion or the piezoelectric element such that each of the pressure portions attaches to each of the chambers at an area defined by the slits and that each of the pressure portions includes the laminated structure.