Abstract: Typically, paint film thickness is measured at a plurality of locations on a vehicle body by a hand-held sensor which is positioned by an operator at a position normal to the respective locations being sensed. This operation may be inaccurate and time-consuming because substantial reliance is placed upon the operator. The invention provides an apparatus for positioning a plurality of sensors in contact with a plurality of locations, respectively, on a non-planar surface such that each sensor is positioned normal to the non-planar surface at the respective location on the surface. The apparatus includes a movable fixture and a plurality of pistons carried by the movable fixture. Each of the pistons is movable independently with respect to the fixture. Each piston includes a distal end, and a sensor is pivotally mounted to each distal end.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring catalytic converter efficiency monitor the switch ratio of upstream and downstream exhaust gas oxygen sensors based on an acceptable temperature range of the catalytic converter mid-bed for each of a number of mass air flow ranges. The system and method also use vehicle speed and EGR to assure that the monitor samples data during repeatable, robust load-speed-temperature conditions. Switch data is stored in keep-alive memory to increase the confidence of the efficiency determination due to a larger data collection phase. A filter having a cycle based constant is used to filter a current switch ratio before incorporating it into an average switch ratio.

Abstract: A method of enhancing vehicle stability and response in a vehicle having an active roll control system with front and rear suspensions each including an anti-roll bar, and the control system including a hydraulic system for providing an anti-roll moment which acts on the vehicle by means of hydraulic cylinders connected to the anti-roll bars, includes the following steps: a) determining the vehicle speed; b) determining the steering wheel angle; c) calculating the desired vehicle yaw rate based upon the determined speed and steering wheel angle; d) sensing the actual yaw rate; e) comparing the desired yaw rate to the actual yaw rate; f) increasing the percentage of the anti-roll moment provided to the rear anti-roll bar if the actual yaw rate is less than the desired yaw rate, thereby decreasing understeer, increasing yaw rate, and enhancing vehicle response; and g) increasing the percentage of the anti-roll moment provided to the front anti-roll bar if the actual yaw rate is greater than the desired yaw rate

Abstract: A method is provided for improving response time in a vehicle active tilt control system having front and rear stabilizer bars adjustable by front and rear hydraulic actuators which are movable in first and second opposing directions for adjusting vehicle body roll resistance provided by the stabilizer bars, and having a pressure control valve for controlling hydraulic pressure to the actuators.

Abstract: A detector and battery switch control energy flow from a battery in a vehicle to an electronic module. The vehicle ignition switch controls battery energy flow when the ignition switch is on and the detector and battery switch control battery energy flow when the ignition switch is off. A dimming circuit provides a dimming signal when a demand for energy is made, such as when the headlights are turned on with the ignition switch turned off. The detector senses the dimming signal and operates a battery switch to power up a microprocessor controller from an unpowered state to control operation of the module when the demand for energy is made. There is no sleep mode. A response is made directly to the demand for energy and there is no battery power used until a demand is made for battery energy.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for cleaning a workpiece with solid CO.sub.2 particles. A flow channel member includes a flow channel therein having an exhaust nozzle at a distal end thereof. A source of pressurized air is provided in selective fluid communication with the flow channel. A phase separator includes first and second portions, with the first portion being in selective fluid communication with the flow channel. A source of liquid CO.sub.2 is provided in selective fluid communication with the phase separator. A liquid flow line includes first and second ends, with the first end being in fluid communication with the second portion of the phase separator, and the second end includes an injector nozzle positioned with the flow channel. The phase separator is operative to separate CO.sub.2 vapor from the liquid CO.sub.2 such that the vapor travels to the first portion for selective communication with the flow channel and the liquid remains in the second portion for injection through the injector nozzle.

Abstract: A circuit board assembly is disclosed comprising a pair of three-dimensional substrates having integral, metallized connectors. The connector of the first substrate protrudes therefrom, while the connector of the second substrate is recessed therein. The geometries of the protruding connector and the recessed connector are different such that they deform when assembled to provide an electrical connection and a detachable physical connection. In one embodiment, the recessed connector has a parabolic cross-section and the protruding connector has a circular cross-section. A flexible molded edge connector for the circuit board assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a composite mandrel (20) for use in creating a precise set of surface features inside a hot isostatic pressed (HIP) billet for producing a desired tool uses a composite nickel shell (16) and ceramic interior (18). A free form fabrication (FFF) or wax positive pattern (10) of the desired tool is made first, then a layer of nickel is deposited on the surface of the FFF positive pattern to produce a nickel shell (16) which is a negative of the desired tool. The final step in creating the composite mandrel (20) is filling the nickel shell (16) with ceramic material (18) to increase the rigidity of the nickel shell thereby forming a mandrel for use in an HIP process to make the desired tool.

Abstract: Method and system for predicting air discharge temperature in a control system which controls an automotive HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) system using a model. The model is based on signals generated by various climate control sensors and actuation outputs to predict air discharge temperature without the need for an additional sensor. The model allows the avoidance of uncomfortable air discharge temperatures to thereby increase passenger comfort.

Abstract: A fin mill machine for forming electrically conductive strip stock into corrugated fin material includes a form roller for forming corrugations in the strip stock, which is at an electrical common. A detector detects when the strip stock wraps up around the form roller. The detector includes an electrical circuit having a source connected to a load by a probe. The probe is positioned adjacent the form roller to contact the strip stock when the strip stock wraps up around the form roller such that the electrical circuit has an effective load different than the load. A controller is operable with the detector to monitor the effective load of the electrical circuit. The controller disables the form roller when the effective load of the electrical circuit is indicative of the probe contacting the strip stock.

Abstract: An FM signal antenna for window glass mounting in a motor vehicle includes an elongated conductor formed as a ladder to form a series of openings along its length. Preferably, the ladder is constructed of a pair of parallel conductors and cross member conductor segments coupled across the parallel connector. The cross member conductors are spaced from each other a distance substantially less than the wave length of the signals to be received. In addition, the antenna includes a raised feed point positioned along the length of the conductor. The conductor has a length substantially greater than the window area so that a fold is formed in the conductor, and an extended portion of the conductor overlapping from the fold is preferably aligned with and conductively independent of the feed point. In addition, the antenna is mounted above a heater grid comprising a plurality of transverse conductors extending between common potential conductors at either end of the grid.

Abstract: A method for joining a component to a substrate applies a base solder portion to the substrate and provides a standoff solder portion in the base solder portion. The standoff solder portion has a higher melting temperature than the base solder portion and a height which substantially corresponds to a desired standoff height between the component and the substrate. The component is positioned on the standoff solder portion and the base solder portion is melted under reflow conditions to form a solder joint between the component and the substrate. This joint substantially encapsulates the standoff solder portion, wherein the reflow conditions create a dendritic structure between the base solder portion and the standoff solder portion.

Abstract: A method is provided for cleaning an electronic circuit board having first and second opposing surfaces. The method includes directing a stream of carbon dioxide particles against the first surface. Steam is sprayed toward the first and second surfaces such that condensation of the steam caused by cooling from the CO.sub.2 particles forms a thin film of water on the first surface for conducting electrostatic charge away from the first surface. The CO.sub.2 particles substantially remove residue present on the first surface, thereby cleaning the circuit board.

Abstract: A circuit board includes a substantially non-conductive substrate and first and second rigid sheets. The first sheet forms a grid pattern substantially encapsulated by the substrate, and a portion of the first sheet extends beyond a boundary of the substrate to form a first interconnection terminal. The second sheet is also substantially encapsulated by the substrate and has a portion which extends beyond the boundary of the substrate to form a second interconnection terminal. The second sheet acts as an electromagnetic interference shield, and also has a coefficient of thermal expansion less than a coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting a target obstacle in front of a vehicle traveling on a road includes a radar positioned at a center of the vehicle for transmitting radar waves ahead of the vehicle for use in determining a first position of the objects in front of the vehicle relative to the radar. A lane position measurement device determines a lateral deviation between the center of the vehicle and a lane boundary of the road. Control logic then determines a curvature of the road based on the lateral deviation, independent of the traveling path of the vehicle. The control logic then determines a second position of the objects based on the curvature of the road and the target obstacle based on the second position of the objects.

Abstract: A substrate assembly for use with a high power switching module includes at least one power block having a base plate for providing mechanical rigidity for the power block. The power block also includes at least one silicon die mounted onto the base plate and configured to form at least one high power switching transistor having leads extending away therefrom. The power blocks are then supportably mounted into corresponding apertures in a rigid frame which mounts the power switching module onto a heat dissipating surface and tested independently before mounting into the frame at full load current and power, which cannot be performed at the bare die level.

Abstract: A method is provided for preventing odometer fraud on a vehicle having a multiplex ring including a plurality of vehicle control modules in electrical communication with each other. The multiplex ring includes a cluster control module with an odometer display. The method includes: a) displaying an odometer mileage variable; b) periodically storing the displayed odometer mileage variable in a non-volatile memory location in the cluster control module; and c) periodically storing the displayed odometer mileage variable in a non-volatile memory location in at least one of the vehicle control modules other than the cluster control module, thereby increasing the level of difficulty of odometer tampering.

Abstract: Cyclic variation in combustion of a lean burning engine is reduced by detecting an engine combustion event output such as torsional acceleration in a cylinder (i) at a combustion event (k), using the detected acceleration to predict a target acceleration for the cylinder at the next combustion event (k+1), modifying the target output by a correction term that is inversely proportional to the average phase of the combustion event output of cylinder (i) and calculating a control output such as fuel pulse width or spark timing necessary to achieve the target acceleration for cylinder (i) at combustion event (k+1) based on anti-correlation with the detected acceleration and spill-over effects from fueling.

Abstract: A protective coating is utilized to protect the silicon during a wet chemical etch step in the process of making a micromachine, thereby preventing the formation of etched holes or pits in the micromachine. In another embodiment, silicon sacrificial pedestals are used to eliminate or greatly reduces the electrical potential difference between metal on the glass substrate and the silicon, thereby eliminating arcing and the resulting damage to silicon and metal. These pedestals may be removed after the anodic bond.

Abstract: A method of assembling an electromagnetic device having a plurality of magnetic cores with substantially planar bases, by placing the magnetic cores upon a fixture adapted to align the planar bases of the magnetic cores in a coplanar relationship, applying a resilient adhesive along a core receiving side of a bracket, placing the bracket over the magnetic cores, pressing the bracket down upon the cores until the bracket's coplanar feet contact the fixture, removing the bracket and cores from the fixture, affixing a thermally conductive elastomeric pad along the coplanar bases of the magnetic cores, and fastening the coplanar feet to a thermally conductive plate so as to uniformly compress the elastomeric pad between the cold plate and the coplanar bases of the magnetic cores thereby providing a thermally efficient and shock resistant support mechanism.