Abstract: A process for the selective alkylation of substituted or unsubstituted benzene compounds with relatively long chain length alkylating agents to produce phenylalkanes having an improved yield of the 2-phenylkane isomer. The reaction is carried out in the presence of crystalline zeolite catalysts characterized by channels or networks of pores having openings with a major dimension of 6-7 angstroms.

Abstract: A method for producing long chain-length alkylphenols with preferential production of para-alkylphenols and placement of the phenolic moiety at the #2 position on the alkyl chain. The reaction is carried out in the presence of crystalline zeolites having a major pore dimension of about six to seven angstrom units.

Abstract: A method for prolonging the useful life of para-selective modified zeolite catalysts, said zeolites having a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least about 12, a constraint index of about 1-12 and having been modified by the addition thereto of a minor proportion of a difficultly reducible oxide. The selective catalyst is maintained at temperatures of at least about 50.degree. C. or, alternatively, in an atmosphere substantially free of moisture.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of aromatic compounds to dialkylbenzene compounds rich in the 1,4-dialkylbenzene isomer. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a particular type of zeolite catalyst having a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index of about 1-12, said catalyst having been modified by treatment with compounds of manganese and/or rhenium, and optionally phosphorus, to deposit a minor proportion of such elements on the zeolite.

Abstract: Liquid ultraviolet-curable coating compositions are provided by mixing a polyethylenically unsaturated compound, such as pentraerythritol triacrylate, with a liquid monoethylenically unsaturated hydroxy functional polyether, such as the reaction product of propylene oxide with hydroxyethylacrylate. An aminoplast is included in the mixture so that a thermal cure, following the radiation cure, will result in a cured coating having increased ability to withstand fabrication stresses without loss of adhesion to the substrate.

Abstract: There are disclosed improved die structures for the extrusion of a tubular sheet of thermoplastic film material. The die comprises a housing having an opening therethrough, a mandrel located in the opening and spaced from the wall thereof to form an annular conduit, and a base plate positioned at one end of the opening and attached to the housing. The mandrel is spaced from the base plate by a plurality of spacers and releasably connected thereto by attaching means extending through some or all of the spacers. Recesses are optionally provided in the immediate vicinity of each spacer to increase the volume of molten material flowing past the spacer.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of aromatic compounds to dialkylbenzene compounds rich in the 1,4-dialkylbenzene isomer. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a particular type of zeolite catalyst having a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index of about 1-12, said catalyst having been modified by treatment with compounds of the Group VIA metals (Cr, Mo, W), and optionally phosphorus, to deposit a minor proportion of such elements on the zeolite.

Abstract: Apparatus and method of utilization for controlling exothermic reactions such as the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons are discussed. More particularly, the arrangement of apparatus comprising heat exchange tubes and open end baffle tubes for maintaining the hydraulic diameter within restricted limits during contact between vaporous reactant and a fluid bed of catalyst is discussed.

Abstract: Process for the selective production of para-xylene by methylation of toluene in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, said zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12, which catalyst has undergone prior modification by the addition thereto of phosphorus oxide and magnesium oxide, each in an amount of at least about 0.25 percent by weight.

Abstract: There are disclosed thermosettable polyester resins which are the reaction products of specified amounts of a benzenedicarboxylic acid component (e.g.: 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid), a trihydroxy alkyl component (e.g.: 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol), a short chain alkylene diol component having four or fewer carbon atoms in the primary carbon chain between the hydroxyl moieties (e.g.: 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol), a dihydroxy alkyl constituent having four to ten carbon atoms in the primary carbon chain between the hydroxyl moieties (e.g.: 1,6-hexanediol), and optionally, an alkyl dicarboxylic acid component (e.g.: 1,6-hexanedioic acid). Such polyesters, having a number average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 1400, a combined acid and hydroxyl number of about 50 to about 250 milligrams of KOH per gram of polyester, and a glass transition temperature of about -15.degree. to +25.degree. C., are found to be especially useful in high solids content coating formulations.

Abstract: Formamides are catalysts for the reaction between phosphorus halides and alkanethiols, phenols, or thiophenols. As is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,955,803, the phosphite and thiophosphite esters produced in the reaction are plant defoliants.

Abstract: A process for the production of the internal isomers (3-phenyl, 4-phenyl and higher) from linear phenylalkane mixtures via selective cracking of the 2-phenylalkane isomer over crystalline zeolite catalysts having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as herein defined, of about 1 to 12.

Abstract: Benzene or alkylbenzene (e.g. toluene) is alkylated with propylene to produce diisopropylbenzenes or isopropylalkylbenzenes, which in turn are selectively cracked to remove the 1,4-isomer. The resultant product, containing a high level of the 1,3-isomer, is then oxidized to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene or 3-alkylphenol (e.g. 3-methylphenyl) in significant yield.

Abstract: Linear thermosettable polyester resin compositions are prepared from benzenedicarboxylic acid, an alkyl dicarboxylic acid, (e.g. 1,6-hexanedioic acid), and a short chain alkylene diol component (e.g. 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol), the resin having a number average molecular weight of about 1,500 to about 5,000 and combined acid and hydroxyl values of about 20 to about 60 mg of KOH per gram of polyester. When these polyesters are combined with an aminoplast and an acid catalyst they form coating compositions which, when applied to a substrate and cured, provide a coating having an outstanding combination of hardness, adhesion, extendability, flexibility and dry heat resistance.

Abstract: In a thermoplastic extrusion system where a single extruder feeds molten polymer through a manifold to a plurality of separate extrusion orifices, a valve system is provided which distributes and regulates the flow of the molten polymer to the individual extrusion orifices.

Abstract: The uniformity of the gauge profile of thermoplastic sheet material is improved by means of a method comprising the detection of areas of non-uniform thickness in the sheet after drawing it away from the extrusion die and the redirection of a controlled portion of the cooling fluid by means of adjustable deflector blades which extend into the flowing stream of cooling fluid and alter the angle at which the cooling fluid contacts and quenches the molten extrudate, thereby allowing additional stretching of thick areas or earlier solidification of thin areas, as appropriate to the problem at hand.

Abstract: Benzene or alkylbenzene (e.g., toluene) is alkylated with propylene to produce diisopropylbenzenes or isopropylalkylbenzenes, which in turn are selectively cracked to remove the 1,4-isomer. The resultant product, containing a high level of the 1,3-isomer, is then oxidized to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene or 3-alkylphenol (e.g. 3-methylphenol) in significant yield.

Abstract: A flexible and foldable foam plastic sheet and a process for making same, said process comprising initially compressing the foam sheet between two surfaces at least one of which is a textured surface (e.g., screen like) to reduce the sheet in thickness and reduce or destroy the resilience of the foam, and then, when further reduction in thickness of the resulting sheet is desired, pressing the resulting compressed sheet between two substantially smooth surfaces to achieve such desired further reduction in thickness. Mechanical properties of the foam sheet so processed are desirably increased, thereby producing a foam sheet product suitable as a replacement for paper in many applications.

Abstract: A four-step method for the selective production of the 1,3-isomer of methylphenol comprising the alkylation of toluene with propylene in the presence of a specified type of zeolite alkylation catalyst followed by the selective reaction, via a specified type of shape selective zeolite, of the 1,4-isomer of the alkylation product to leave the 1,3-isomer thereof in excess of equilibrium. Subsequent oxidation and acid catalyzed rearrangement results in desirably high yield of 3-methylphenol.

Abstract: Metallized polymeric film material having a high gloss, mirror-like surface is transformed by means of heat treatment to a material having a smooth lustrous surface appearance not unlike that of satin, or alternatively an apparent rough or granular surface texture (i.e. a matte-like finish). The transformation may be accomplished by directly heating the metallized film material or in conjunction with a laminating/thermoforming operation (for instance: the formation of disposable plastic dinnerware) to produce a rigid article having a pleasing appearance.