Abstract: The present invention relates to a gauge for use with x-ray machines to calibrate correct technic values (exposure, kilovoltage, processing conditions, etc.) for x-ray film to yield anatomically correct film densities over the visible density range. The gauge accomplishes this by including only four sections. In particular, a first portion for achieving correct film densities at the low end of the visible density range and a second portion for achieving correct film densities at the high end of the visible density range. The gauge also includes at least one region for achieving a slight variation in film density in each of the first and second above-named portions. The gauge may be encased by being cast in plastic of a particular thickness and absorption of x-rays. With this gauge, the radiographer examines film densities at the upper and lower limits of the visible density range to distinguish overexposure, upper limits of correct exposure, correct exposure, lower limit of correct exposure and underexposure.

Abstract: Locator device for locating modular electronic components centrally with respect to a nozzle of an apparatus for attaching the components to a substrate, such as a printed circuit board. The locator device comprises a component support member for supporting a component to be located centrally with respect to the nozzle of a component attachment apparatus, and a component centralizing element associated with the component support member and engageable with the nozzle for centralizing the component with respect to the nozzle prior to soldering of the component to the printed circuit board. When the component has been centralized with respect to the nozzle, the component is maintained in its centralized position by attachment to a source of vacuum disposed within the nozzle. This facilitates removal of the locator device from the nozzle to leave the component disposed centrally within the nozzle attached to the source of vacuum and ready for installation on the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a semiconductor photoelectric conversion device in which a plurality n of semiconductor elements U.sub.1 to U.sub.n are sequentially formed side by side on a substrate and connected in series one after another. The element U.sub.i (i=1, 1, substrate, a non-single-crystal semiconductor laminate member Q.sub.i on the electrode E.sub.i and a second electrode F.sub.i on the laminate member Q.sub.i. The electrode F.sub.j+1 of the element U.sub.j+1 (j=1, 2, . . . (n-1)) is connected via coupling portion K.sub.j to the first electrode E.sub.j. After the formation of a first conductive layer on the substrate, the electrode E.sub.1 to E.sub.n are provided by forming grooves G.sub.1 to G.sub.n-1 in the first conductive layer through use of a first laser beam. A non-single-crystal semiconductor laminate layer is formed to cover the electrodes E.sub.1 to E.sub.n and the grooves G.sub.1 to G.sub.n-1, after which grooves O.sub.1 to O.sub.

Abstract: A data receiving system for digital data communication described which uses asynchronous sampling and lagrangian or prolate spheroidal function interpolation on the received signal. A received analog signal is first asynchronously sampled, digitized stored in a memory and then processed using interpolation technique to recover the correct symbol timing of the symbols in the digitized data. The minimum sampling rate commensurate with channel band width is used. The correct symbol timing is continuously adjusted within certain pre-determined limits of the interpolation interval using a "jumping" algorithm which permits continuous symbol tracking. The recovered symbols are then equalized to compensate for channel distortion and decoded to give the originally encoded data. When bursts of data are being transmitted the data stored in memory is replayed to ensure that all data in the data burst is used for communication and that there is no transmission overhead requiring extra symbols for synchronization.

Abstract: A tape for cleaning magnetic head comprising a support and a cleaning layer coated on at least one surface of said support, which is characterized in that said cleaning layer contains a ferromagnetic metal powder as abrasive, the surface of said cleaning layer is a surface of center line average height of not less than 0.025 .mu.m as cut-off value of 0.08 mm, and said tape has a stiffness of not more than 2.

Abstract: A two-dimensional image sensor such as a stimulable phosphor sheet is exposed under vacuum to an electron beam that has passed through a specimen to cause the two-dimensional image sensor to store the energy of the electron beam, then stimulating energy is applied to the two-dimensional image sensor for discharging light therefrom which represents the stored energy of the electron beam, and the light discharged from the two-dimensional image sensor is photoelectrically detected to produce an image signal. A reference image signal is also produced in a similar manner by exposing the two-dimensional image sensor to an electron beam that has not passed through the specimen. One of the first-mentioned image signal and the reference image signal is subtracted from the other per pixel to generate a difference signal, from which an electron microscope image of the specimen is reproduced.

Abstract: A flexible magnetic disk is provided with a protective layer at the peripheral edge portion of the circular hole in the center of a magnetic disk sheet. The protective layer is formed by applying a radiation-polymerizable composition to the peripheral edge portion of the circular hole in the center of the magnetic disk sheet by letterpress printing, and exposing the composition to a radiation to cure the composition.

Abstract: Heater device suitable for heating a fluid such as air to be contacted with a printed circuit board for melting solder or the like thereon. The device comprises two heat exchange elements having at least one passage through which fluid to be heated passes. A stainless steel etched foil heater is disposed in a plane between the first and second heat exchange elements, and a fluid entry port is provided in flow communication with the first and second heat exchange elements for admitting fluid to be heated into the at least one passage. A fluid exit port is provided in flow communication with the at least one passage for passing heated fluid from the passage to the substrate to melt the solder or the like thereon. The fluid entering through the fluid entry port and exiting through the fluid exit port flows in generally the same direction as the plane of the heater.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus which automatically records and reproduces. The digital signal based on the acoustic signal is stored in memory means due to the operation of write control means in response to the recording instruction. When the recording is not instructed, the digital signal stored is read out due to the operation of readout control means, and the acoustic signal is reproduced from this digital signal.

Abstract: A divalent europium activated alkaline earth metal complex halide phosphor having the formula (I):M.sup.II FX.a(M.sup.II 'X'.sub.2.bM.sup.II 'X".sub.2):xEu.sup.2+(I)in which each of M.sup.II and M.sup.II ' is at least one alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca; each of X, X' and X" is at least one halogen selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I, and X'.noteq.X"; and a, b and x are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0.01.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.10.0, 0.1.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.10.0 and 0<x.ltoreq.0.2, respectively. A process for the preparation of said phosphor, a radiation image recording and reproducing method utilizing said phosphor, and a radiation image storage panel employing said phosphor are also disclosed.

Abstract: A replaceable tip for a hand-held pencil-like solder extractor for removing electronic components from a substrate. The tip comprises a tubular member having a first linear section of predetermined length with a first end coaxially receivable within a passageway in a solder extractor, a second linear section of predetermined length and having a free end, and a detent means intermediate the first and second sections for limiting the length of the tubular member received within the solder extractor passageway and for maintaining the free end of the tubular member a fixed distance from the solder extractor. The first and second linear sections each have a respective axis, and the axis of the first section forms an angle with the axis of the second section.

Abstract: An automatic transmission apparatus comprises an input shaft coupled with an engine output shaft, an output shaft disposed coaxially with the input shaft, a counter shaft disposed in parallel to both the input and output shafts, first and second gears provided on the input shaft and the counter shaft, respectively, to be meshed with each other so as to form a first power transmitting path, a first friction clutch operative selectively to make and break the first power transmitting path, third and fourth gears provided on the input shaft through a one-way clutch and on the counter shaft, respectively, to be meshed with each other so as to form a second power transmitting path, a second friction clutch operative selectively to make and break a third power transmitting path from the input shaft through the one-way clutch to the output shaft, fifth and sixth gears provided on the counter shaft and the output shaft, respectively, to be meshed with each other so as to form a fourth power transmitting path, and a th

Abstract: A device for supplying an electric energy to an electric device of a camera includes, first power source means in which a first cell is loaded that has a given output capacity sufficient for the electric device to exert its function, second power source means in which a second cell is loaded that has a given output capacity sufficient for the electric device to exert its function, and switching means to be operatively changed between a first switching state where the electric device is connected to the first power source means and a second switching state where the electric device is connected to the second power source means. Furthermore, the device includes responsive means responsive to the loading operation of the first cell for causing the switching means to change to the first switching state.

Abstract: A laser apparatus comprises a case, a laser tube positioned within the case, and a temperature control means for controlling the temperature of the atmosphere within the case. The temperature is controlled within the range of 35.degree. to 70.degree. C. The temperature control means is an air cooling means for generating air streams flowing from an air inlet formed in one side wall of the case to air outlets formed in the opposite side wall.

Abstract: A cylinder block is provided with a balancer case for accommodating a balance shaft. A blowby passage communicating the interior of the crankcase and the interior of the cylinder head for returning blowby to the intake system is provided to extend through a side wall of the cylinder block and the interior of the balancer case, the interior of the balancer case forming a part of the blowby passage.

Abstract: An opening roof arrangement for a motor vehicle roof which consists of a carrier structure in the form of a frame which is capable of being mounted in an opening in the vehicle roof and retained on the edge thereof. A panel is mounted to a support assembly pivotally mounted on the frame about a pivot axis which is parallel to and in the vicinity of the front edge of the frame. An operating and locking member is mounted to the support assembly and co-operates with a rear edge of the frame to cause the support assembly to pivot from a first position in which it extends in a horizontal plane of the frame, the panel forming a closure system for the opening by resting on a seal provided on the inside edge of the frame, to a second position in which the support assembly is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane of the frame about the pivot axis.

Abstract: Four switches are controlled two by two by clock signal generators without overlapping in such a manner as to connect alternatively a sampling capacitor to an input signal source and in parallel to an integration capacitor between an input of a unitary-gain amplifier and ground.

Abstract: An endless printing band (1) consists preferably of rubber or synthetic rubber and in its production is cut from a hose-like blank by cuts extending along its edge. Said printing band (1) has in the one region of its outer side visually readable characters (3) and in an opposite region laterally inverted raised printable characters (5). In the region of the readable characters (3) on the inner side (11) of the printing band (1) inwardly projecting cams (6) are provided for the advance of the band while the inner side (7) of the region comprising the printable characters (5) is smooth.

Abstract: Apparatus for dispersing a gaseous or vaporized pheromone trail into the atmosphere under determined conditions comprises first container (10) in which a pheromone source (22) is located. Means (12) to create and upward draught is provided surmounting the first container (10). Flying insects lured by the trail enter the means 12 and into the first container (10) then to a second container (9) out of which they cannot escape. Alternatively, the insects land on a sticky insecticide from which they cannot escape.

Abstract: A two-dimensional image sensor is exposed under vacuum to an electron beam having passed through a specimen in an electron microscope to enable the image sensor to store the energy of the electron beam. Then, stimulating energy is applied to the image sensor to discharge the stored energy as light. The light discharged from the image sensor is photoelectrically detected to produce an image signal. A defocus value of the image is detected on the basis of the image signal. The image signal is also subject electrically to the Fourier transform to produce a converted image signal indicative of a ring pattern. The degree of one ring, the length of minor and major axes of the ring, and the angle of inclination of the major axis are computed from the converted image signal for computing currents to be fed to a stigmeter of the electron microscope to eliminate astigmatism.