Abstract: A balloon is disclosed that has two differing rates of distensibility. It can be used to perform angioplasty by taking advantage of its high strength and relatively low distensibility up to a predetermined range of pressure and still be used to set a stent by operating a pressure range where there is a higher distensibility. the balloon can be of a single material that is oriented less than fully or a blend of materials similarly oriented. In another embodiment, strands of a more crystalline material run longitudinally through a matrix of a less crystalline material, with the resulting balloon, when not fully biaxially oriented, exhibiting high burst strength and two different rates of distension at different applied inflation pressures.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the connection of a pressure balanced stab and a manifold in which offsetting forces maintained on the stab allow it to remain in an inserted state within the manifold without the use of a significant amount of force to maintain the connection. The offsetting forces are contained within the stab through the use of C-ring seals on the stab, which are activated by a downward force created by an actuator. The compression of the C-rings is delayed until insertion is complete, therefore allowing an installation which does not damage the seals. The O-ring designs, used in prior pressure balanced stabs, are likely to be damaged upon insertion of the stab into the receptacle. The damage to the O-ring seals takes place when the O-ring, partially protruding from the stab, makes contact with the surface of the receptacle in such a manner that causes the O-ring seal to tear or become manipulated in a way that creates an ineffective seal.

Abstract: A configuration is provided to anchor the tubing string into a polished-bore receptacle while providing the ability to disconnect the tubing string from the polished-bore receptacle in a single trip in the wellbore. The configuration of the anchor provides for metal-to-metal sealing, and the disconnection is accomplished by a penetrating tool which accesses an annular cavity to unsupport locking dogs which facilitate removal of the tubing string from the polished-bore receptacle with applied pressure. If the packer needs to come out for any reason, a retrieving tool is described which, in a single trip, allows the retrieving tool to be advanced thru-tubing into the packer itself to unlock it. The retrieving tool is pulled out of the tubing and a pick-up force is applied to the tubing string to extend the packer to allow for its ultimate removal with the tubing. The retrieving tool preferably employs jarring forces to release the packer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a process for laser alloying of a workpiece and an apparatus for carrying out said process. The method embodiment of the present invention is directed toward a process for forming an alloy in the surface of a metal substrate comprising the steps of applying an alloy precursor material at a controlled rate to the surface of the substrate and then melting the surface and the precursor alloy material by the application of a laser beam in order to form an alloy of the precursor alloy material and the substrate. The method embodiment of the present invention further comprises the steps of measuring one or more parameters indicative of alloying depth, controlling the rate of precursor application in response to at least one of the measured parameters, and allowing the allow to solidify.

Abstract: A valve actuator preferably driven by an electric motor is disclosed. The valve actuator is useful with surface safety valves and uses power input from an electric motor to position the valve in its normal position. A mechanism is provided to allow the valve to shift positions to a failsafe position upon failure of electrical power to the motor connected to the actuator. A screw drive is provided with the motor, with a latch mechanism holding a nut against rotation. The nut can advance longitudinally upon rotation of the drive to move a valve stem. Upon failure of electrical power, the latch mechanism releases the nut from a coupling in the actuator which is connected to the valve stem, and the main return springs in the actuator allow the nut to rotate with respect to the screw drive so that the valve can assume its failed position. Normal applications allow the valve to fail closed; however, the valve can be configured so that failure results in opening of the valve if the application requires it.

Abstract: A filter is provided which combines a woven wire mesh over a supporting body. The supporting body is typically a metal perforated tube which provides fluid communication between the well bore and the production equipment string. The woven wire mesh acts as a filter to prevent the influx of sand particles, provides openings oriented at various angles relative to its surface, so that some area is available for fluid entry even when particulate matter is lodged on the surface above an opening, provides interior channels that allow fluid to travel from one location on the mesh surface to another location over an opening into the supporting body, and does not provide "straight-through" openings, thus forcing the fluid to make multiple turns to pass through the mesh, thereby dissipating the fluid's energy and increases the mesh's erosion resistance. When particulate matter accumulates on the mesh's surface, the resulting particle cake remains porous, heightening the filter's resistance to plugging.

Abstract: A butterfly valve having a valve body with a seat therein and a valve disc carried on a rotatable shaft such that the valve disc can be moved into and away from sealing engagement with the valve body seat is provided with a removable and replaceable seat member forming the valve body seat and a removable and replaceable sealing surface member is mounted on the valve disc which is sealingly engageable with the seat member when the valve disc is moved into sealing engagement with the valve body seat. The valve body seat preferably is sized to be press fit into a recess in the valve body and retained therein without additional fasteners. This butterfly valve can be used in a single, double or triple offset valve and the valve can be attached to a pipe in any conventional manner. The valve seat material and the sealing surface material may be solid metal, a resistant material such as nylon or Teflon.RTM., may have a metal insert or may have a high temperature insert such as graphite.

Abstract: A casing fill and circulator assembly is disclosed. The fill valve is constructed so that the valve member moves out of the main flowpath when the valve is in the open position. The valve is constructed so that flow opens it and the majority of the pressure drop is taken in an area other than the interface between the valve member and the seat. For circulation, the apparatus is advanced further into the casing until a cup seal closes off the top of the casing. Once flow is initiated in that condition, internal pressure in the casing, at very low applied pressures, opens a circulation valve and closes the fill valve so that circulation through the casing is accomplished through the circulation valve while bypassing the fill valve. Erosive effects from flow on the fill valve are thus eliminated during circulation. An alternative dual-function valve in a circulator/filling apparatus is also disclosed where a control system senses applied pressure in the apparatus and opens the valve.

Abstract: A cable-laying technique and apparatus are disclosed. A base is lowered to the seafloor which contains multiple cable reels, each of which is preconnected to a surface production facility. An articulated plow is lowered onto the base and manipulates a reel from its cradle. The plow is pulled by a surface vessel after obtaining the cable reel from the cradle. The cable is buried as it is payed out with the vessel pulling the plow. The plow is returned by the vessel to the base where it grabs another reel and the process is repeated. The cable does not need to be designed to support its own weight because it is payed out from the reel supported by the plow as opposed to being on the deck of the boat. Similarly, the boat structure required to perform the method is simplified due to the reduction in weight and bulk of the reels for the cables.

Abstract: A feedback control system for performing and controlling the laser alloying of a workpiece. The apparatus includes a laser beam delivery system, a movement system capable of causing relative movement between a laser beam and a workpiece being irradiated by the laser beam, a precursor application system capable of applying a precursor at a desired rate to the surface of a moving workpiece, and a control system capable of receiving input signals indicative of one or more measured process parameters, processing those signals, and transmitting a control signal capable of controlling the laser beam delivery system, movement system, and/or precursor application system. Other embodiments of the invention utilize a variety of process parameter measuring devices in conjunction with the control system. These devices include, but are not limited to, temperature transducers, infrared detectors, and emission spectra measuring devices.

Abstract: A sealing element for a packer or bridge plug or other downhole tool is illustrated which employs the use of back-up rings above and/or below a resilient seal. The various sleeves which are moved with respect to each other to compress the sealing element are made so that they are physically connected to the back-up rings. As a result, upon run-in, inadvertent compression of the seal is prevented and upon release, a physical separation occurs between the back-up ring and the sealing element, which allows the sealing element to expand and relax. Subsequent upward movement of the packer or bridge plug easily deflects the back-up ring since the sealing element is no longer in a compressed state directly underneath it. The packer then can easily be removed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for counteracting vasospasms and treating male impotence using calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP is a naturally occurring substance in the human body. As such, CGRP does not have the same toxicity and allergy problems as the foreign substances that currently are used for similar purposes. When locally applied or infused, the effects of CGRP are limited to a local vascular area. Virtually no systemic effects are induced, making CGRP extremely safe and effective.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting lubricant reservoir levels, particularly in bearing sections for downhole mud motors, is revealed. This allows rig personnel to more exactly ascertain the remaining bearing life of the assembly. In one embodiment, the assembly is pulled out of the hole and comprises of a signal source. A hand-held device is placed next to the bearing housing and the location of the strongest signal is a direct measurement of the position of the floating piston in the lubricant reservoir. The rig personnel can then readily obtain a level reading on the fluid level in the reservoir. An alternative design is also revealed where the position of the floating piston is sensed in real-time by receivers mounted at spaced locations in the lubricant reservoir.

Abstract: The downhole portion of the system of the present invention provides entirely downhole methods and apparatus for the monitoring and control of wells. The components of the system are modular. There are sensor and control valve components located in each of the multi-zone production intervals or lateral well completions. The production zones are isolated by production packers equipped with feed-through conductors for communication to upper system components. There are a monitor and control module containing a programmable microprocessor controller and a power supply module which are located at the uppermost end of the system. The system provides for removing, decommissioning and/or replacement of the power module or the monitor and control module without decompleting the well.The surface portion of the system may be operated from the wellhead or by remote control.

Abstract: A one-trip whipstock milling system is disclosed which allows for setting of a packer or plug which is run in as part of the bottomhole assembly, in conjunction with orientation instrumentation, a whipstock, and a one-trip milling system connected to the whipstock. The assembly is run-in the hole together and inserted to the desired depth. With the orientation of the whipstock known from the down-hole instrumentation, the preferred embodiment involves pressurization of the wellbore to actuate the packer assembly. Having set the packer at the proper orientation and depth, the milling immediately begins and continues in a continuous effort until the window is fully milled, at which point the milling equipment and orientation equipment are withdrawn from the wellbore.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward a hand fracture, burn and contraction treatment device that is capable of imparting the desired amount of long term force and moment to the interphalangeal and metacarpalphalangeal joints so as to effectively combat deformity due to burn scar or trauma, to prevent and/or correct contractures, and to reduce and immobilize fractures. The invention comprises two axial members slidably mounted within respective housings and joined by a spherical joint (with a slot to provide a selectable axis of increased range of motion). The invention permits movement of one axial member with respect to the other axial member in up to five degrees of freedom. The invention further provides for the adjustable mobilization of each axial member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for injecting infusion fluids into a patient at a controlled infusion rate. This apparatus is referred to as a "controlled autoinfuser". A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a computer capable of using pressure volume and relationships to generate a control signal that will control the injection of infusion fluids into a patient. The present invention further comprises a method of controlling the injection of infusion fluids into a patient through the use of a microprocessor controlled autoinfuser as well as a method of injecting a preselected volume of infusion fluid into a patient within a preselected infusion time.

Abstract: A compact tensioner/stopper device includes a fairlead which may or may not be part of the device. A set of inboard and outboard pawls are provided. The pawls are spaced and operate in a manner that at least one pari of pawls grabs the chain at any given time. This prevents accidental loss of the chain overboard. The chain is tensioned as the inboard pawls are engaged to the chain and actuated hydraulically to pull the chain inboard. Pulling inboard allows the outboard pawls to slide over at least one link and lock into place behind that link. The inboard pawls are stroked outboard over the next link to be grabbed, with the outboard pawls engaging the chain, the inboard pawls slide outboard to obtain another grip on a subsequent link and the process is repeated to conclude the tensioning. For deployment, the outboard pawls are retracted while the chain is retained by the inboard pawls. The inboard pawls are stroked outboard to pay out the chain.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the flow rates of each component of two-phase flow consisting of a gas and a liquid or three-phase flow consisting of water, oil and gas, including a first volumetric flow meter stage, and second and third momentum flow meter stages coupled in a series flow path with the volumetric flow meter stage and in which a velocity ratio between the gas and the liquid in the series flow path is maintained to be one. A processor calculates flow rates of the components of flow by solving volumetric flow and momentum or energy equations defining flow through the first through third stages utilizing a volumetric flow output from the first stage and momentum flux outputs from said second and third stages, and an indicator displays flow of liquid and gas or oil, water and gas components of the flow. To measure three-phase flow, a water-cut meter is provided to determine the amount of water flow, which is then used by the processor to determine the flow of the rest of the liquid.