Abstract: This specification describes a novel apparatus and method for testing optical wave guides to determine the optical attenuation and to locate faults in the optical fiber. The light for test purposes is launched into the fiber by one or more light beams that surround the wave guides and that are focussed to converge from around the circumference and at the axis of the wave guide; the convergence being at low angles of incidence, so that some of the light enters the wave guide. The remaining light launched into the wave guide in opposite directions at a location, nearer to one end than to the other, is measured at opposite ends of the wave guide. The ratio of the light at the opposite ends of the wave guide and the difference in the length of travel of the light from the region of entry to each end is used to compute attenuation. Faults are found by internal reflections of the light beam in the wave guide.

Abstract: High-voltage power cables with extruded dielectric plastic insulation, installed underground, have their life shortened by the formation of electrochemical trees in the insulation. This invention provides a high-voltage power transmission cable constructed with sealant in interstices of a stranded conductor that are not filled by the semi-conducting material of a conductor shield of the cable. The construction prevents or greatly delays the formation of electrochemical trees in the insulation of the cable. The sealant prevents entrance of air into the cable at cable ends, and the passage of the humidity of the air through the conductor shield to an interface between the conductor shield and the inside surface of insulation that surrounds the conductor shield.

Abstract: A metal cap for crimping on the neck of a container has one or two tear lines of reduced strength about its skirt which define a tear-off strip. A perforation for initiating tearing extends across the width of the strip and at least one smaller perforation is also provided in the strip. A tear-off tab (plastic tape) engages both sides of the strip and is joined together through the perforations. The larger perforation is either U- or L-shaped, a straight slot or variations thereof. The portion of the tear line adjacent the larger perforation may be scored to facilitate initial rupture in the desired direction. One or more circumferential reinforcing ribs may be provided in the skirt on one or both sides of the tear-off strip. In addition to the full circumferential tear line, a partial tear line may extend between the larger perforation and a slot in the edge of the cap to provide an initially narrow tear-off strip, which enlarges to include the edge of the cap.

Abstract: This strap goes over the shoulders of the person wearing it and supports one or more cameras hanging down in front of the body of the wearer. Portions of the strap that extend downward behind the shoulders converge toward one another and are connected with a stretchable or elastic part of the strap which has its lower end anchored to a trouser band or belt, and which prevents the converging parts of the strap from moving upward into contact with the back of the neck of the person wearing the strap. Thus the weight of the cameras never bears against the neck. The stretchable part of the back portion of the strap yields when the wearer bends forward, and this prevents uncomfortable tightening of the strap.

Abstract: Plastic blown ware is made by expanding a molten plastic tubular blank into contact with the wall of a mold cavity. This invention evacuates air from the part of the cavity around the outside of the blank to increase the pressure differential across the tube wall during the blowing period and to help prevent the plastic from pulling away from the cavity wall during cooling and shrinkage. The invention makes blown ware by compounding the plastic with a blowing agent and by controlling the bubble size and wall thickness by changing the pressure on opposite sides of the blown article to whatever pressure will permit the gas bubbles and the plastic to expand to the desired size during cooling and setting of the plastic.

Abstract: This invention obtains samples of fish life in the larvae and egg stage and shortly thereafter, plankton and similar marine life. By taking samples before and after water has passed through cooling facilities of electric generating plants along a river, some of the effects of the power plant on the environment can be determined. The outstanding feature of this invention is that it collects the samples without passing the marine life through pumps in which much of it is killed or injured. Samples are collected in partially submerged equipment into which the water flows by gravity, and the water is discharged by pumps after the samples have been removed.

Abstract: Beverage containers are commonly made with a ring at the top of the can for pulling a knock-out from the can top to provide a discharge opening through which a person can conveniently drink the contents of the can, or pour them into a glass or cup. The can top gathers dust and other contaminants that are a health hazard. This invention locates the discharge outlet at the bottom of the can and in a recessed compartment, and prevents contamination by closing off access to the can bottom by a shelf or other surface on which the can rests, so that the can itself acts as a shield to protect the discharge outlet area from contaminants.

Abstract: Multi-cavity molds, such as used for injection blow-molding apparatus, have manifolds through which molten plastic is supplied from a plasticizer to the individual mold cavities. Some plastic molding materials, referred to as "heat-sensitive," deteriorate if they remain in the manifold for any substantial length of time. This manifold is constructed with its cross-section and branch passages correlated in such a way that there is no space in the manifold where plastic can accumulate out of the stream of feeding plastic. By keeping the plastic moving, in all parts of the manifold during each injection operation, deterioration of heat-sensitive plastic in the manifold is avoided.

Abstract: The induction coil of this invention is wrapped on a non-metallic core with convolutions of the coil adjacent to one another. An adhesive tape is applied over the convolutions with a lapped seam of the tape and with the tape preferably extending beyond both ends of the coil in order to hold the convolutions of coil against moving with respect to one another while the coil is being transported from the winding step to the next operation in which a jacket is molded over the coil in a cavity of an injection molding machine.

Abstract: This apparatus is for evaluation installed cable systems, including those that are already in use. The apparatus measures dissipation factor, partial discharge (corona) and insulation resistance of the cable system; all of these being necessary to determine the condition of the cables. This invention is unique, in that it can be used with installed cable systems that have their metallic shielding grounded; and the apparatus can be mounted on a truck or trailer for movement to any place where an installed system is to be evaluated.

Abstract: This optical fiber cable has the optical fibers adhered to a support. An assembly including the fibers and the support is carried by a core element having a helical channel in which the fiber assembly is located and free to adjust itself to accommodate bending of the cable without subjecting the optical fibers to pressure or to bends that are excessively sharp. The construction also avoids pressure on the optical fibers from binders, core tapes, or the cable sheath when the cable is bent. It also avoids micro-bending losses. Locating of the optical fibers closer to the cable axis further decreases bending losses.

Abstract: This necktie rack has one or more arms with hangers for individual ties extending from opposite sides of each arm. Each of the arms swings forward and upward about a pivot to bring the hangers into position for convenient removal and replacement of ties; and each arm extends forward toward its lower end, when at rest, to leave space under each hanger for the necktie of that hanger to extend downward without interference with or from other ties. Features of the mechanical construction make the rack economical to manufacture and attractive in appearance.

Abstract: This invention is an improved filling compound for preventing moisture penetration along the interior of high voltage electric power cables. Amorphous polypropylene, mixed with carbon where it must be semiconductive, is an extremely good filling compound because of its electrical characteristics and also because of its good flow characteristics when extruding. When the cable is to be used under conditions where it must withstand temperatures so low that the polypropylene becomes brittle, it can be blended with polyisobutylene rubber to withstand lower temperatures, but the blend must be kept within limits to prevent loss of the good flow characteristics of the amorphous polypropylene.

Abstract: This improved stop joint is used at connections of one length of electric cable to another, for the purpose of preventing fluid in one length of cable from contacting fluid in the next length of cable. The joint includes a stop tube that surrounds the end portion of one length of cable and that is made with a mid-portion of resin base material, preferably reinforced, and end portions of metal connected to the resin base material by fluid-tight connections. These metal end portions are secured to the pipe or shield that surrounds one or both of the lengths of cable. Parts are constructed so as to minimize the time and cost of making the connections between the cable lengths and the connecting of the stop joint with the pipe or shield that surrounds the respective cables.

Abstract: In sheet-rolling mills where the rolls are normally under maximum rolling pressure, the mill is said to be "pre-stressed." Load transfer blocks exert a force to relieve a part of the pre-stress for each particular strip rolling operation. This invention has a combination of hydraulic pressure and gas pressure for providing a controlled substantially unyielding force during a rolling operation, and a yielding shock absorber for preventing full pre-stress load from coming on the rolls when an end of the strip passes the rolls or when a strip breaks.

Abstract: This invention is an improved method for dispersing antioxidant material in cross-linkable insulation for electric cables. The antioxidant, which has a high melting point, is dissolved in a carrier, preferably the cross-linking agent, to obtain a solution of low melting point that is dispersed through the pellets of insulation when the ingredients are mixed in a blender. Improvements in the blender cycle reduce the content of fines, improve dispersion of the antioxidant and shorten the blending cycle. The preferred ingredients used are 4,4'-thiobis (6 tert-butyl-m-cresol) as the antioxidant and dicumyl peroxide as the cross-linking agent.

Abstract: This easel for photographic enlarging has retainers for holding paper in position on the easel, and improved means for adjusting the retainers for paper sheets of different size. There are clamps for holding the retainers in set positions and provision for preventing parts of the clamps from becoming disconnected when turned in directions to release them. A single clamping screw for each retainer expedites adjustment. Masks for paper of different size have the same spacing of screw-receiving openings corresponding to a single standardized spacing of threaded openings in the easel plate.

Abstract: Filling compounds for high voltage, electric power transmission cables have been deficient in one characteristic or another, such as incompletely filling voids during manufacture, forming voids when cables are in service, lack of permanent adhesion to cable components to prevent passage of water lengthwise of the cable, and low drip point when cables are at elevated temperatures. This invention is a cable filled with a compound of isobutylene rubber that obtains all of the desirable filler characteristics for a high voltage power transmission cable.

Abstract: This improved photocopying system projects light from the finder of a camera and through the camera lens to illuminate, on a copy support, the exact area that the camera will photograph. The material to be copied is composed accurately in the illuminated field, the copy lights are turned on, and the camera is operated to make a photocopy. Optical fibers are used to supply light to the finder without overheating the camera.