Abstract: A combination process wherein a hydroisomerization system provides a hydrocarbon feed for an etherification system wherein unreacted alcohol is separated from the etherification effluent and passed to the fractionation column used in the hydroisomerization system so that water entrained in the unreacted alcohol can be separated from said alcohol within said fractionation column.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-containing fluid compositions are provided comprising at least one hydrocarbon fluid, at least one heteroaromatic, and at least one hydrazine additive. The resulting composition has reduced temporal formation of colored materials and/or gummy deposits. Additionally, antioxidant additives are combined with the above composition and provide a further reduction in the formation of colored materials and/or gummy deposits.

Abstract: A gel defect detection system for the optical inspection of defects in oriented transparent and translucent sheet. The system utilizes two polarizing filters with adjustable orientations so that the transmission axis is from about 70 degrees to about 110 degrees or from about 80 degrees to about 100 degrees. The system uses these polarization filters to help distinguish gel defects from the surrounding oriented sheet.

Abstract: An improved rod baffle heat exchangers is disclosed in which the tube bundle comprises a plurality of tubes supported intermediate therein by at least one outer ring and a plurality of baffle rods extending along diagonal lanes between the tubes.

Abstract: An in-ground conduit system for a ground source heat pump is provided. The in-ground conduit system is a conduit-loop having at least one wing member mounted on the conduit loop such that the wing member contacts the ground in such a way so as to resist upward movement of the conduit loop.

Abstract: An in-ground conduit system for a ground source heat pump is provided. The in-ground conduit system is a conduit-loop having at least one wing member mounted on the conduit loop such that the wing member contacts the ground in such a way so as to resist upward movement of the conduit loop.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to automate octane number measurements from a knock engine is provided. A first and second reference fuel having different knock octane numbers and a test fuel having an unknown octane number are each provided to the fuel inlet of an engine at a series of flow rates. For each flow rate an average knock intensity is calculated and from the resulting series of average knock intensities, a flow rate which will give a maximum knock intensity is calculated using curve fitting techniques.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant storage tank for collecting runoff liquids is provided. The storage tank is formed from a plastic and has a bottom; a vertical side wall having at least one aperture, and a removable cap having at least one cap aperture therein and at least one flange positioned in the cap aperture.

Abstract: A method are provided for separating diluents from solid polymers in an effluent extracted from a polymerization reactor. The separation utilizes a two-stage flash involving a first intermediate pressure flash and a second lower pressure flash, with the first intermediate pressure flash occurring in a cyclone vessel having an extended solids reservoir.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for separating diluents from solid polymers in an effluent extracted from a polymerization reactor. The separation utilizes a two-stage flash involving a first intermediate pressure flash and a second lower pressure flash, with the first intermediate pressure flash occurring in a cyclone vessel having an extended solids reservoir.

Abstract: An improved pipe is produced from phenylene sulfide/biphenylene sulfide copolymers, The improved pipe has greater flexibility and ductility than pipe produced from normal PPS resin. Such pipe is produced by preparing a phenylene sulfide/biphenylene sulfide copolymer and forming the copolymer into essentially amorphous pipe by extrusion followed by rapid and uniform quench to avoid pipe crystallization, Also disclosed is a method wherein such amorphous pipe is oriented by subsequent die extrusion.

Abstract: A rod baffle heat exchanger utilizing an improved rod baffle is disclosed. The improved rod baffle has a baffle ring and support member comprised of a first strip and a second strip each attached to the ring and extending across said ring such that each strip will support an adjacent tube row. Struts are attached to and extend between the first and second strip. The improved rod baffle provides for a reduced longitudinal-flow, shell-side pressure drop over a solid support member.

Abstract: A process for the liquefaction of natural gas having a pressure above atmospheric pressure, is disclosed in which a feed gas is cooled to sequentially lower temperatures, by passing the gas through a plurality of cooling stages, in heat exchange with at least three refrigerants, until the gas is substantially completely condensed in the last of the cooling stages. The pressure of the feed gas is reduced to near atmospheric pressure during the cooling of the feed gas by the use of hydraulic expanders which extract work during pressure reduction. Additionally, pressure reduction of the refrigerants within the refrigerant cycles is performed by similar hydraulic expanders. The work extracted by said hydraulic expanders is used to provide power to the liquefaction process, such as by helping to power compressors or pumps used in the liquefaction process.

Abstract: An in-ground conduit system for a ground source heat pump is provided. The in-ground conduit system is a conduit-loop having at least one wing member mounted on the conduit loop such that the wing member contacts the ground in such a way so as to resist upward movement of the conduit loop.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extruding a multi-layer plastic pipe are provided wherein a second liquified plastic is injected into and through a prow and, subsequently, into a radial flow conduit of a die assembly in which a first liquified plastic flows through the radial flow conduit. Subsequently, the first and second liquified plastic are introduced into and through an annular flow conduit and a third liquified plastic is injected into the annular flow conduit of the die assembly. Wherein within the die assembly the first liquified plastic forms a first layer, the second liquified plastic forms a second layer inside the first layer and the third liquified plastic forms a third layer outside the first layer. Additionally, a multi-layered plastic pipe which can be produced by the inventive die assembly is provided. The multi-layered plastic pipe has an ultraviolet light-protective outer layer and a light-reflecting inner layer.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for simultaneously winding two lengths of plastic pipe onto a single coil is provided, wherein a first length of pipe is extruded and wound onto a first spool, and subsequently a second length of pipe is extruded and wound onto a second spool simultaneously with the first length of pipe from the first spool.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for the defluorination of a liquid hydrocarbon mixture, containing organic fluorides, produced during the conversion of hydrocarbons using a fluorine-containing catalyst. In one embodiment, both a thermal means and a contacting material are used to effectuate a more complete defluorination. The liquid hydrocarbon mixture is extracted from a distillation column and heated sufficiently in the thermal means to decompose at least some of the organic fluorides. The effluent from the thermal means is separated into a vaporous and a liquid effluent. The liquid effluent is passed to the bottom of the distillation column where it undergoes further defluorination through contact with the contacting material.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for liquefying a natural gas, having a pressure above about 800 psig, in which the natural gas is introduced into an expander which operates to reduce the pressure of the natural gas and extract work from the expansion of the natural gas during the pressure reduction so that the resulting effluent from the expander can be cooled to sequentially lower temperatures by passing the gas through a plurality of cooling stages, in indirect heat exchange with at least one refrigerant, until the gas is substantially completely condensed in the last of the cooling stages.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-containing fluid compositions are provided comprising at least one hydrocarbon fluid, at least one heteroaromatic, and at least one hydrazine additive. The resulting composition has reduced temporal formation of colored materials and/or gummy deposits. Additionally, antioxidant additives are combined with the above composition and provide a further reduction in the formation of colored materials and/or gummy deposits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for countering the rotation of a striped pipe during extrusion is provided. A sensor for detecting the stripe sends a signal to a pipe rotating means which, in response to the signal, rotates the pipe to correct any turning occurring during extrusion, forming and cooling of the pipe.