Abstract: In a top blown oxygen converter, temperature of the molten metal is determined by measuring the total heat of the charge. The oxygen supplied through the lance is measured and the amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide leaving the converter are continuously determined. After the conversion process has progressed and after the metalloids have been oxidized, the total amount of lance oxygen and the total amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide leaving the converter are determined. The increase in temperature of the molten metal bath due to the exothermic reaction is determined by the total amounts of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide leaving the converter. The increase in temperature of the metal bath due to the exothermic reaction is determined by subtracting from the total amount of oxygen supplied, the amount of unreacted oxygen and the amount of oxygen consumed in forming carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxidized iron.

Abstract: Apparatus that is adapted for grasping like a golf club has indicator lights thereon that when actuated indicate to a golf pupil as he swings the simulated golf club apparatus whether or not he is swinging the apparatus correctly.

Abstract: A metallurgical furnace has an annular conduit or hot blast plenum encircling and formed as a part of the shell of the furnace, and such plenum has a variable venturi throat or passageway through which the wind or hot blast enters the furnace proper. The furnace shell above the plenum is supported by fluid-actuated cylinder-piston means connected to conventional shell supporting legs anchored to a fixed support.

Abstract: In a hot blast stove, a shell structure comprises a checker brick chamber and a common upper portion of the shell embraces a combustion chamber having a length substantially less than the shell structure that is mounted contiguously alongside of and externally to the shell. A refractory lined dome or envelope covers both the checker brick chamber and combustion chamber. Means is provided that supports the combustion chamber and that acts responsively to thermal movement of the combustion chamber; such means existing independently of said shell. In another instance the shell and combustion chamber are self-supporting.

Abstract: A shed encloses a coke wharf onto which hot coke is pushed, the coke cake passing through a coke guide into the shed. Doors in the shed are disposed opposite the coke oven chambers and each door is openable when a coke guide is positioned at an oven to be pushed. Deflector means are located inside the shed at each door that break up and spread the coke onto the coke wharf. Fumes that evolve from the coke on the wharf as it is being quenched are collected in a main. An auxiliary collecting main and hood structure are located above the coke oven doors, whereby effluent arising from coke in the chambers after the oven doors are removed are collected in the auxiliary collecting main and conducted thence into the collecting main.