Abstract: A line current measuring arrangement employs a single toroidal core with line windings, control windings, and a sense winding. The line windings cause an amount and polarity of magnetizing intensity H in the core when a line current flows. The control windings are pulsed by control current pulses to cause successively equal changes of opposite polarity of control H in the core to drive the core to successively opposite polarities of B saturation. The sense winding is arranged so that successive changes of B cause successive sense voltage pulses of opposite polarity. Successive sense voltage pulses are of different amplitude only if a line current is flowing to cause an amount of line H in the core. Successive voltage pulses are cumulatively and algebraically integrated to provide a changing output voltage which is a measure of the cumulative integration. The output voltage causes feedback H in the core in opposition to any line H.

Abstract: A line current measuring arrangement employs two separate toroidal cores with line windings and control windings. The line windings cause equal amounts of the same polarity of magnetizing intensity H in the cores when a line current flows. The control windings are pulsed by control signals to cause equal changes of opposite polarity of control H in the two cores to drive the two cores to opposite polarities of saturation of magnetic induction B. The same control windings also provide a succession of voltage pulses where the amplitudes and polarities of the pulses are measures of differences in the changes of B in the two cores. A succession of voltage pulses is cumulatively and algebraically integrated to provide a changing output voltage which is a measure of the cumulative integration. The output voltage is effective through the agency of the same control windings to cause feedback H in both cores in opposition to any line H.

Abstract: A line current measuring arrangement employs two matched toroidal cores with line windings, control windings, sense windings, and feedback windings. The line windings cause equal amounts of the same polarity of magnetizing intensity H in the two cores when a line current flows. The control windings are pulsed by control current pulses to cause equal changes of opposite polarity of control H in the two cores to drive the two cores to saturation of magnetic induction B. The sense windings are serially opposed so that the changes of B in the two cores cause sense voltages in polarity opposition. Any difference in the sense voltages, due to the presence of line current H, is cumulatively and algebraically integrated to provide a changing output voltage which is a measure of the cumulative integration. The output voltage causes feedback H in both cores in opposition to any line H.

Abstract: A self-synchronizing transmission loop consists of a transceiver, a transponder, a data link for transmitting a group of eight binary numbers from the transceiver to the transponder, and a data link for transmitting a group of eight binary numbers from the transponder to the transceiver. Each of the transceiver and the transponder uses a bipolar return-to-zero direct-current signal format where each binary number to be transmitted has its own transmission time slot divided into three substantially equal successive time segments T1, T2 and T3. Time segment T1 provides a change from zero level to a single unit level signal of positive polarity (+1) for binary 1 and of negative polarity (-1) for binary 0, time segment T2 provides a reversal of the single unit level signal of time segment T1, and time segment T3 provides a change back to the zero level of signal.

Abstract: Call traffic in a stored program controlled telephone switching system is controlled by performing code gapping on telephone calls to a particular called customer. Code gapping is performed by limiting the rate at which successive attempts may be made to complete all or part of a call to the particular called customer which is identified by a called customer code, such as a Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) called customer directory code. A Minimum Time (MT), such as 10 seconds, is prescribed as the MT for the POTS number. A record is made of the Last Clock Time (LCT) at which the last earlier allowed attempt was made to complete a call to the POTS number. The Present Clock Time (PCT) is noted as the time at which completion of a subsequent call to the POTS number is presently desired.