Abstract: A method for protecting an item of software, wherein at least one challenge is associated with the protected item of software, and at least one response accesses one private keying material. The challenge has no access to the private keying material. The challenge and the response are generating shared secret information, respectively, in accordance with an asymmetric confidentiality scheme. The response proves that it discovered the shared secret and the challenge validates the proof. The challenge proof validation procedure uses the public keying material that corresponds to the response private keying material.

Abstract: Given a CD-ROM drive having a plurality of speed ranges selectable in n-fold graduation and having linearly reduced rotational speeds within each speed range respectively between outer and inner sector and having the prescription that a reduction of the rotational speed automatically ensues given a negative read result, control means are provided that effective switching into a lower speed range when a predetermined noise level is upwardly transgressed and/or when vibrations occur.

Abstract: A medical technical system computing unit for calculating a multi-dimensional image dataset from subject signals supplied to the computing unit and obtained from the examination of a subject with at least one pre-operative imaging method. A virtual, multi-dimensional image that can be calculated from the multi-dimensional image dataset via the computing unit can be displayed on a display unit. A controllable window can be displayed at the display unit via a window generator allocated to the computing unit. The image at the display means corresponding to a virtual location of the controllable window controllable is produced via a control unit allocated to the computing unit.

Abstract: In a memory cell arrangement which has vertical MOS transistors as memory cells, the information is stored by different threshold voltages of the transistors. For this purpose, dopant regions are formed for an information state by angled implantation or outdiffusion in the upper region of the channel region. The lower region of the channel region is in this case covered by an etching residue (9′) which is formed by masked spacer etching. The arrangement can be produced with an area requirement for each memory cell of 2 F2 (F: minimum structure size).