Abstract: A probe microscope has a displacement detecting system formed of a spring element and a photodetecting element, the system being attached to a fine movement element, and a holder, which attached to the spring element fixed to the photodetecting system by a magnetic force, is moved by an alignment jig removably mounted on a sample moving stage in a three-dimensional fashion and a laser beam is converged on a selected point of the spring element with ease while confirming the state of alignment of the spring element with laser light based on an image produced by a camera and displayed on a monitor.

Abstract: The center of a band-shaped region on a sample is searched by first coarsely scanning a region of the sample, calculating a tentative center of the sample coarsely from scanning result, collecting data with reference to the tentative center, calculating the center of gravity from the result, and making a correction for raising the precision of the center of gravity determination.

Abstract: An aquarium filter system having a rotatably mounted filter body. The filter body is structured such that when mounted with a portion of the filter body submerged in moving water, rotational movement is imparted to the filter body by the moving water. As a result of the rotational movement, at least a portion of the filter body is alternately exposed to the water and the atmosphere. This fosters the growth of aerobic bacteria on the surface of the filter body. The aerobic bacteria reduces the level of toxins within the aquarium water.

Abstract: A dielectric film, such as a silicon nitride film, is formed on a p type silicon substrate. An opening is formed in the silicon nitride film. With the silicon nitride film used as a mask, a phosphorns ion is implanted into the surface portion of the substrate in a direction of an angle .theta. (0.degree.<.theta.<90.degree.) to a substrate face. An n.sup.- diffusion layer is formed in the surface portion of the substrate at an edge area of the opening such that the n.sup.- diffusion layer is located beneath a gate electrode corresponding to the opening. A gate oxide film is formed in that opening area and a polysilicon film is formed over the gate oxide film. A gate electrode is formed after the silicon nitride film has been removed. With the gate electrode used as a mask, an impurity ion is implanted into the surface portion of the substrate to provide source and drain regions. The drain region is located contagious to an n.sup.- diffusion layer. The n.sup.

Abstract: Melody and chord information of a music piece are supplied. On the basis of the chord information, one or more possible musical keys are nominated. Then, on the basis of the melody information, it is judged in a collating manner whether it is proper to determine any of the possible musical keys as a musical key of the music piece. For instance, the possible musical keys are nominated on the basis of detection of a dominant motion, since the dominant motion in a chord progression strongly suggests specific musical keys. For instance, of the nominated possible musical keys, those which do not contain all of the melody notes as their scale note are excluded, and a single musical key which contains all of the melody notes as its scale note is determined as the musical key of the music piece. With such arrangements, it is allowed to make a musical key determination which is very reasonable from a musical point of view.

Abstract: A data transmitter-receiver device transmits a forward data to a communication channel, and receives a backward data with a returning echo noise from the communication channel. The device is provided with a first modulator for modulating the forward data into a first digital signal. A D/A converter converts the modulated first digital signal into a corresponding outgoing analog signal which is transmitted to the communication channel. A delay memory is operated to delay the forward data by a certain time delay corresponding to a return time interval of an echo noise. A second modulator modulates the delayed forward data into a second digital signal. An A/D converter receives an incoming analog signal to convert the same into a corresponding third digital signal. An echo canceler operates based on the first and second digital signals for removing an echo noise from the third digital signal. A demodulator demodulates the third digital signal after removal of the echo noise to produce a backward data.

Abstract: A power amplifier with highly efficient power consumption with fewer switching power supplies. The power amplifier comprises a first differential amplifier having two input terminals and a common terminal, a BTL amplifier consisting of a first SEPP OCL and a second SEPP OCL, a nonlinear adder, an adder, a second differential amplifier, and a switching power supply.

Abstract: A video processor which is capable of arbitrarily expanding or contracting an image in a vertical direction is described. A horizontal synchronizing signal HS of a video signal CS is inputted to a reference input terminal 63a of a phase comparator 63 of a PLL circuit 62 to take out a clock signal CK having a frequency N1 times larger than that of the horizontal synchronizing signal HS. This clock signal is frequency-divided by N2. Since N2 is set to the number of horizontal synchronizing signals within a vertical synchronous period, the number of sampling lines in a vertical direction becomes equal to N1. Accordingly, When an output signal (line clock signal LCK) of the frequency divider 67 is used as a signal for increment of a vertical address of a video memory 70, enlargement/contraction of an image can be carried out by changing N1.

Abstract: Disclosed are heterovesicular liposomes containing substances of different biologically active compositions each encapsulated in separate chambers of the liposomes, having defined size distribution, adjustable average size, adjustable internal chamber size and number, methods of making them, and treatment of patients with them.

Abstract: Transgenic plants that express properly processed ruminant or ruminant-like lysozymes and that are resistant to bacterial pathogens, including both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, are provided. A preferred embodiment provides transgenic tobacco plants that express a sufficient concentration of properly processed bovine lysozyme c2 to render the plants less susceptible to bacterial plant pathogens.Methods and compositions for treatment of plants, seeds and other plant tissues prior to or after exposure or infection with bacterial plant pathogens are also provided. In particular, compositions and methods of contacting plants with such compositions that contain a concentration of bovine lysozyme c2 or other ruminant or ruminant-like lysozyme are provided.A signal sequence that is effective for properly processing heterologous proteins that are expressed in transgenic plants is also provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory system has a central processing unit (CPU) for supplying an address signal to any one of a plurality of memories for storing data and processing data read out from an address corresponding to the address signal. The memory outputs data addressed in response to an address signal from the central processing unit. The system further comprises a circuit for generating a STAT signal representing that the output data is valid. The STAT signal is output in synchronization with the output data, and monitored by the central processing unit, thereby controlling a cycle of operations for reading data from the plurality of memories.

Abstract: An aquarium filter system having a rotatably mounted filter body. The filter body is structured such that when mounted with a portion of the filter body submerged in moving water, rotational movement is imparted to the filter body by the moving water. As a result of the rotational movement, at least a portion of the filter body is alternately exposed to the water and the atmosphere. This fosters the growth of aerobic bacteria on the surface of the filter body. The aerobic bacteria reduces the level of toxins within the aquarium water.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device has a transparent substrate, a transparent electrode layer, a photovoltaic layer, and a back electrode which are stacked in this order. The photovoltaic layer has a p-type a-SiC layer provided on the transparent electrode layer, a buffer layer provided on the p-type a-SiC layer, a photosensitive layer provided on the buffer layer, and an n-type semiconductor layer provided on the photosensitive layer. The buffer layer is an a-SiC layer first deposited on the p-type a-SiC layer and then subjected to a plasma treatment. The plasma treatment should be carried out using a gas selected from a group consisting of hydrogen (H.sub.2), Argon (Ar), Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Krypton (Kr), and Xenon (Xe). In the device, the buffer layer may be composed of a microcrystalline SiC layer or an amorphous SiC layer. The buffer layer may have a thickness ranging from about 10 .ANG. to about 100 .ANG., and may be formed by a plasma-CVD process.

Abstract: A method, in a spinning machine comprising a spindle portion and a nozzle portion having a first nozzle for exerting a turning air current on a fiber bundle moved out of a drafting device, comprises introducing a yarn end on the package side from the spindle portion into a second nozzle to place it in an open state, turning the yarn end around the spindle by jetting a low pressure air from the first nozzle, and supplying the drafted fiber from the nozzle portion to effect a piecing. A piecing apparatus in the spinning machine comprises device for sucking a spinning yarn wound into a package, device for reversing the package, device for guiding and cutting the sucked spinning yarn, device for transferring a spinning yarn to an outlet side of a spinning yarn of a spindle member separated from a nozzle member of a spinning section, and movable device for threading and opening on a sliver inlet side of the spindle member of the spinning yarn.

Abstract: A traveller changer in which a first operating portion having a tensor for absorbing the slack of yarn passed through a traveller in a ring spinning frame, and a second operating portion having a yarn hooking lever, a traveller removing element and a traveller mounting elements are provided on a carrier unit, the first operating portion being disposed at a predetermined certain height relative to the carrier unit, and the second operating portion being disposed vertically movably in arrowed directions with respect to the carrier unit so that it can follow up the height of a ring rail.

Abstract: To eliminate pulsating current of vaporized gas by controlling a heater by means of a phase control, instead of controlling the heater by means of an on-off control which causes the vaporized gas to become a pulsating current, in a vaporized gas cooling apparatus using heater heating used in a thermal analysis apparatus and the like. By performing a phase control of the sine wave of the alternating power source by means of a thyristor and supplying power to the heater the duration of control at a time is reduced to as short as 10 msec (in case of 50 Hz). Accordingly, a filter effect is obtained by the fact that a changing speed of the heater temperature and a vaporization speed of coolant are too slow to follow the control action which prevents vaporized gas to become pulsating current. Since vaporized gas coming out is not a pulsating current, using this for cooling makes less fluctuation of temperature and makes the temperature more stable.

Abstract: An automatic accompaniment instrument detects a change in a chord progression formed of a sequence of chords. A pitch of an accompaniment tone to be reproduced is controlled based on a present chord and/or an immediately following chord of the chord progression, as well as on a pitch of an accompaniment tone generated on an immediately preceding occasion, when a change in the chord progression is detected.