Abstract: Nucleotides and nucleotide analogs are used in various sequencing by incorporation/sequencing by synthesis methods. Nucleotide analogs comprising 3′-blocking groups are used to provide reversible chain-termination for sequencing by synthesis. Typical blocking groups include phosphate groups and carbamate groups. Fluorescent nucleotides are used to perform sequencing by synthesis with detection by incorporation of the fluorescently labeled nucleotide, optionally followed by photobleaching and intercalating dyes are used to detect addition of a non-labeled nucleotide in sequencing by synthesis with detection by intercalation. Microfluidic devices, including particle arrays, are used in the sequencing methods.

Abstract: Hydrophilic protein adsorption resistant coatings for microfluidic devices are provided. Additionally, microfluidic devices and methods of manufacturing microfluidic devices that include the coatings are provided.

Abstract: Enzyme assays are performed in microfluidic devices including, e.g., in-line labeling, separation, and detection of assay products. In-line labeling allows assays, e.g., protease assays, to be performed in a continuous flow microfluidic format. Also included are microfluidic devices and integrated systems for performing in-line labeling in continuous flow enzyme assays.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems are provided for introducing large numbers of different materials into a microfluidic analytical device rapidly, efficiently and reproducibly. In particular, improved integrated pipettor chip configurations, e.g. sippers or electropipettors, are described which are capable of sampling extremely small amounts of material for which analysis is desired, transporting material into a microfluidic analytical channel network, and performing the desired analysis on the material.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for modulating flow rates in microfluidic devices are provided. The methods involve modulating downstream pressure in the device to change the flow rate of materials in an upstream region of the device. Such methods include electrokinetic injection or withdrawal of materials through a side channel and the use of an absorbent material to induce wicking in the channel system. The apparatus provided includes a prefabricated wick in the device to provide for flow rate control. Additional methods for determining velocity of a particle and cell incubation time are also provided.

Abstract: Microfluidic devices are provided for the performance of chemical and biochemical analyses, syntheses and detection. The devices of the invention combine precise fluidic control systems with microfabricated polymeric substrates to provide accurate, low cost miniaturized analytical devices that have broad applications in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, molecular biology and numerous other fields.

Abstract: Hydrophilic protein adsorption resistant coatings for microfluidic devices are provided. Additionally, microfluidic devices and methods of manufacturing microfluidic devices that include the coatings are provided.

Abstract: Microfluidic devices are provided for the performance of chemical and biochemical analyses, syntheses and detection. The devices of the invention combine precise fluidic control systems with microfabricated polymeric substrates to provide accurate, low cost miniaturized analytical devices that have broad applications in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, molecular biology and numerous other fields.