Abstract: A method for atomizing a fluid wherein a gas is heated with the heating facilitating the acceleration of the gas to a high velocity. The accelerated gas contacts the fluid transferring shear, pressure and inertial forces and heat to the fluid effecting efficient atomization of the fluid.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 24, 2000
Date of Patent:
May 20, 2003
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
John Erling Anderson, Lawrence E. Bool, III, Glenn William Arnold, Christopher Brian Leger
Abstract: A cascade refrigeration system wherein the inlet and outlet pressures and the power consumption of the compressor of the higher temperature refrigeration circuit, and the inlet and outlet pressures and the power consumption of the compressor of the lower temperature refrigeration circuit are ascertained and used to calculate more efficient operating pressures, and the operation of the compressors is adjusted to adjust the pressures of the incoming refrigerants to the cascade heat exchanger toward the more efficient operating pressures.
Abstract: A refrigeration system having a partially decentralized operating control system wherein five defined separate controllers control either one or more than one defined variables.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 9, 2002
Date of Patent:
April 29, 2003
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Paul William Belanger, William R. Esposito, Thomas Edward Gajewski
Abstract: A method for producing carbon dioxide at a flow rate is disclosed. The method comprises several steps including the provision of an oxidant fluid to a fermentation broth, use of oxygen from the oxidant fluid to promote fermentation and microbial growth in a fermenter while producing carbon dioxide within the broth, passing a fermentation broth stream out from the fermenter, and then through a heat exchanger, and then back into the fermenter via a recirculation loop, bubbling carbon dioxide out therefrom the broth creating a gas mixture containing a carbon dioxide concentration of 97.5 mole percent and recovering the gas mixture as product carbon dioxide. The oxidant fluid is provided to the fermentation broth at a flow rate such that the amount of oxygen provided to the fermentation broth is not more than 5 weight percent of the total amount of carbon dioxide being produced. The oxidant fluid contains an oxygen concentration of at least 40 mole percent.
Abstract: A cryogenic rectification system wherein feed air is provided into the lower portion of a cryogenic rectification column, and liquid having a defined oxygen concentration is withdrawn from a defined intermediate level of the column above the feed air introduction level, vaporized and optionally diluted with nitrogen for recovery as ultra high purity clean dry air.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 11, 2002
Date of Patent:
April 15, 2003
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Richard Martin Kelly, Thomas John Bergman, Jr.
Abstract: A method for providing refrigeration to a cryogenic rectification plant which enables the facile provision of varying amounts of refrigeration to the plant wherein a working fluid is pressurized in a recycle compressor, a first portion is at least partially condensed in a heat exchanger and passed into the plant, a second portion is cooled and then turboexpanded to generate refrigeration, the refrigeration bearing second portion passes refrigeration in the heat exchanger to the first portion to effect the condensation, and the resulting second portion is not passed into the cryogenic rectification plant but rather is returned to the recycle compressor.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 24, 2002
Date of Patent:
April 8, 2003
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Herbert Raymond Schaub, Todd Alan Skare, Thomas John Bergman, Jr.
Abstract: A three column cryogenic rectification system for producing at least one of oxygen and nitrogen employing a medium pressure column which is operating at a pressure between the operating pressures of the higher and lower pressure columns, and which receives an air feed which is at a lower pressure than the air feed to the higher pressure column. The medium pressure column processes oxygen-enriched liquid from the higher pressure column and is reboiled by a fluid taken from below the top of the higher pressure column.
Abstract: A food freezing system wherein refrigeration is generated by compressing, cooling and then expanding a defined multicomponent refrigerant mixture, which, after providing refrigeration to the food, is warmed against itself to effect the cooling.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 28, 2002
Date of Patent:
March 18, 2003
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Bayram Arman, Dante Patrick Bonaquist, Arthur Edward Holmer, Raymond Paul Roberge
Abstract: A system for generating low temperature refrigeration for use such as cooling superconducting cable wherein a neon based refrigerant fluid is work expanded by a sealed turboexpander/loader to generate refrigeration which is used to cool heat transfer fluid for provision to the use point.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 20, 2001
Date of Patent:
February 25, 2003
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Dante Patrick Bonaquist, Jalal Zia, Nancy Jean Lynch, Michael John Stanko
Abstract: A method and condenser apparatus for cleaning a gas of condensable vapor employing a cryogenic liquid which is caused to boil evenly along the condenser length and wherein the gas flow through the condenser is in the downward direction in evenly divided flows countercurrently to the flow of boiled cryogen.
Abstract: A cryogenic rectification system wherein some or all of the refrigeration necessary to drive the rectification is generated by periodically magnetizing and demagnetizing a bed of magnetizable material, passing refrigerator gas through the bed to produce cold refrigerator gas, and passing refrigeration from the cold refrigerator gas into the rectification system.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 31, 2001
Date of Patent:
January 7, 2003
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Bayram Arman, Arun Acharya, Dante Patrick Bonaquist
Abstract: A system for producing high and ultra high purity nitrogen comprising a first column for the production of nitrogen and a second column having a top condenser wherein boil off from the second column top condenser is turboexpanded to generate refrigeration for the system.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 4, 2001
Date of Patent:
December 31, 2002
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Thomas John Bergman, Jr., Shanda Gardner Fry, Jeremy Michael Cabral
Abstract: A system for producing high purity nitrogen comprising a higher pressure first column having a top condenser and a lower pressure second column wherein boil off from the first column top condenser is turboexpanded to generate refrigeration for the system.
Abstract: A refrigeration system wherein an ammonia refrigerant fluid in a cascade refrigeration circuit provides auxiliary refrigeration to a multicomponent refrigerant fluid which passes from an autorefrigerator to provide refrigeration to a heat load.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 16, 2001
Date of Patent:
December 17, 2002
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Kenneth Kai Wong, Boris Yudin, Dante Patrick Bonaquist, Mohammad Abdul-Aziz Rashad
Abstract: A packing section includes a plurality of vertically oriented, diagonally cross-corrugated packing sheets defining a section height. The section height has a base region, a bulk region, and a top region. The base region has a first particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region. The top region has a second particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region, and different from the first particular geometry of the base region.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 1, 2000
Date of Patent:
November 12, 2002
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Christoph Ender, John Fredric Billingham, Michael James Lockett, Neil Yeoman, Robert Kuratle, Kirk A. Walztoni, Daniel L. Kallenberger
Abstract: A method wherein refrigeration is generated, preferably using a pulse tube cryocooler or refrigerator, to produce cold working gas which is used to liquefy coupling fluid circulating between a coupling fluid liquid reservoir and a refrigeration load, such as superconductivity equipment, using thermo-siphon effects.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 28, 2002
Date of Patent:
November 12, 2002
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Dante Patrick Bonaquist, John Fredric Billingham, Jalal Zia, Nancy Jean Lynch, Bayram Arman
Abstract: A cryogenic rectification system comprising three columns wherein high purity oxygen is produced in the third column which is fed from at least one of the first and second columns, which do not share a common condenser/reboiler, and reboiled using feed air or first column top vapor.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 4, 2001
Date of Patent:
October 8, 2002
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Thomas John Bergman, Jr., Bayram Arman, Minish Mahendra Shah
Abstract: A cryogenic vessel system for containing cryogenic fluid wherein refrigeration is generated by applying and withdrawing a magnetic field to a bed of magnetizable particles, and the refrigeration is provided to the vessel interior to counteract heat leak into the vessel.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for establishing one or more coherent jets from a lance wherein liquid fuel is provided into a recession on the lance face along with motive gas, and is used to generate a flame shroud to maintain jet coherency.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 4, 2001
Date of Patent:
September 17, 2002
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
William John Mahoney, John Erling Anderson
Abstract: A system for combusting difficult to combust fluid such as waste fluid wherein fuel and gaseous oxidant combust in a hot combustion gas chamber to form a hot combustion gas mixture which is accelerated to a high speed and at a steady, i.e. non-pulsing, flow is then used to atomize and then combust the fluid.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 26, 2001
Date of Patent:
September 17, 2002
Assignee:
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Lawrence E. Bool, III, John Erling Anderson, Glenn William Arnold, Christopher Brian Leger