Abstract: A method for increasing the bulk density and decreasing the time of wetting with water of a substantially anhydrous kaolin clay powder, comprising dry ball-milling the said powder using work inputs of from about 5 to about 40 HP-hrs/ton of dry clay, followed by pulverization in a high energy impact mill and classification to eliminate undesirable larger particles. The ball-milling may be effected by grinding the clay with ceramic balls of less than 5 inches diameter. The process enables improved handling characteristics for the treated clay with respect to bulk material handling systems.

Abstract: A method is provided of removing organic contaminants from an aqueous composition contaminated therewith. The method comprises contacting the aqueous composition with a sufficient amount of organoclay for a sufficient amount of time to absorb a substantial portion of the contaminant, and to form an aqueous organoclay admixture. The organoclay and aqueous composition are then separated from each other. The method is particularly useful for separating oily contaminants from water toxic substance precursors, e.g. humic acid and toxic organics (e.g. PCB) from water.

Abstract: A method is provided for enhancing the absorptive capacity of functional compositions into puffed borax particles. The method comprises contacting the particles with a sufficient amount of a solvent composition, e.g. water, steam, ethylene glycol, capable of dissolving portions of the exterior and interior cellular walls of the particle to thereby form a reticulated puffed borax having enhanced absorptive capacity for the functional composition. The reticulated puffed borax particle comprises a plurality of cells adjacent to each other wherein a major portion of the cell walls have openings therein to interconnect the cells.

Abstract: This is a cooking utensil suitable for electromagnetic induction heating cooking apparatus. The cooking utensil is made firmly integral between an aluminum container body and an iron flame-sprayed layer by flame-spraying an iron layer which is a magnetic layer at least on the outer surface of the bottom of the container of aluminum or aluminum alloy in a manner to make corresponding portions of such iron layer penetrate into plural inclined grooves which have been formed on the outer surface of the bottom in advance, thereby enabling to utilize otherwise unsuitable aluminum material for the cooking utensil.

Abstract: A cooking utensil for induction cooking apparatus wherein a magnetic substance layer is provided with the purpose of improving the conventional aluminum-made utensil, at outer surface of the bottom of the aluminum utensil body to enable the use with cooking utensil or cooking device with electromagnetic induction heating system by which the effectiveness of both properties of aluminum material and magnetic substance can be obtained and more general use can be obtained than the use of the conventional cooking utensil.

Abstract: A device for securely restraining open head shipping drums during vehicular transport. The device comprises a platform member supported in spaced relation from an underlying floor, and having an upper load bearing surface for receiving a cargo load of open head shipping drums thereupon. An upright member is adjoined to one end of the platform member for effecting restraining contact with the adjacent side of the load seated on the platform member, the upright member including a generally planar member facing the load. The upper load bearing surface of the platform member is stepped to define first and second generally planar support levels at alternate sides of the platform member, whereby drums respectively supported on the first and the second levels are precluded from impact between their respective rims, upon side-to-side movement or swaying thereof.

Abstract: Aliphatic complex phosphate esters or salts thereof, of a non-ionic surface active compound, are utilized together with aliphatic fatty acids as collector agents during flotation for removing titanium-based impurities from kaolin clays in a froth flotation process.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing organic contaminants from an aqueous composition contaminated therewith. The method comprises passing the composition through a first column packed with an organoclay, to adsorb substantial quantities of high molecular weight and/or emulsified components of said organic contaminants, and passing the effluent from said first column through further separating means for separating substantial quantities of the low molecular components of said organic contaminants which remain in the effluent from said first column, and recovering the effluent from said separate means as product.

Abstract: A cargo restraining device for a palletized load including a platform for receiving a pallet with a load of cargo thereon, and a vertical frame at one end of the platform. A handle is pivotally secured to the frame and connected to a horizontally-extending member which is movable to place it in frictional contact with a floor or supporting surface. When the pallet is placed on the platform, it can be locked in place by a serrated member which engages a cross-tie of the pallet. To lock the pallet and platform to the floor, the handle is pushed downwardly while at the same time pushing the frame toward the load. Movement of the handle, which pivots about a hinge pivotally connected to the frame, moves the horizontally-extending member into contact with the supporting surface and at the same time lifts and tilts the platform, which adds an augmented downward force on the horizontally-extending member in contact with the supporting surface.

Abstract: The outer tubular assembly (4) of the tube pressure filter comprises a cylindrical member (36) and, at each end, an end assembly comprising two annular members (38 and 40) which are releasably secured to the cylindrical member (36) by a split retaining ring (42). The two annular members define a cavity (62) for receiving the lip of a diaphragm (18, FIG. 1). The axially inner annular member (38) defines, with the cylindrical member (36) an annular chamber (56) for receiving fluid under pressure and an annular slot (58) for allowing the fluid to flow between the chamber (56) and the interior of the pressure filter. The split retaining ring (42) engages a groove (52) in the cylindrical member (36), so securing the end assembly to the cylindrical member (36) without the need for welding.

Abstract: The inner assembly (2) of a tube pressure filter comprises a core (6) provided with a facing (36) made up of a plurality of laths. At the end of the core (6) there is an annular member (42, 44) which is retained in position between the facing (36) and a split retaining ring (60, 62). The retaining ring (60, 62) fits in a groove (58) in the core and is locked in position by locking elements (64) which fit into aligned recesses in the retaining ring (60, 62) and the annular member (42, 44) and are secured by screws (68).

Abstract: The stabilization of selected photochromic compounds, selected from certain fulgides and fulgimides, is made possible by associating with such compounds a clay mineral having an expanding crystal lattice, which can stabilize a selected photochromic compound in a higher-energy colored form. The stabilized photochromic compound may be one included in a coating composition, such as a paper coating composition, or may constitute or be incorporated in a filler for a papermaking furnish or for a plastics material. The stabilizer serves to maintain the photochromic compound in its higher-energy colored state or one of its higher-energy colored states, thereby tending to prevent deterioration of color as the photochromic compound converts to an uncolored or weakly colored lower-energy state.

Abstract: A trailer construction, which in a first configuration is adapted for transporting a pair of intermodular containers. The trailer comprises a front section having a hitch means for attaching the trailer to a towing vehicle and a longitidinal, generally horizontally aligned upper deck portion. A drop frame section extends rearwardly of the front section, and includes ground engageable support wheels and a longitudinal generally horizontal lower deck portion, wherein the lower deck is a distance below the said upper deck. Pedestal means are mounted on the drop frame section, and are movable between first and second positions.

Abstract: Raw bentonite is beneficiated by treating a substantially iron oxide-free bentonite, as an aqueous suspension, with an alkali at a temperature of at least 60.degree. C.; washing the alkali treated bentonite at least once with water; and then subjecting a suspension of the alkali-treated and washed bentonite to shearing, attrition and impact forces in a homogenizer of the type wherein the suspension is forced in the form of a film through a thin, hard-surfaced gap under a pressure of at least 1.7 MPa, and at high velocity. The suspension of bentonite thus obtained can then be dried to a product which has a good white color and is more resistent to bacteriological growth.

Abstract: A method for controlling and containing organic material by sorbing it into an organoclay. Solid or liquid waste material or waste material in aqueous solution containing organic material are combined with a sufficient amount of organoclay to sorb and contain the organic material in the organoclay.

Abstract: A thixotropic cross-linkable unsaturated polyester composition is provided. The composition comprises an aromatic unsaturated monomer having an amount of an organoclay dispersed therein. The organoclay comprises the reaction product of a smectite type clay and quaternary ammonium compounds. The latter are an admixture of (a) a dimethyl di(hydrogenated tallow) ammonium compound and (b) a dimethyl benzyl(hydrogenated tallow) ammonium compound. The organoclay has a quaternary ammonium compound to clay milliequivalent ratio, by weight, of at least 95, and more generally can be up to at least as high as 140, expressed on a 100% active clay basis. The cross-linkable unsaturated polyester further comprises a liquid unsaturated polyester mixed with the monomer. The amount of organoclay in the monomer and the amount of (a) and (b) are amounts sufficient to produce a cross-linkable polyester composition having a thixotropic index of at least about 2.5, and preferably of at least about 3.0.

Abstract: A peristaltic pumping device comprises a cartridge which is releasably engagable in a circular socket of a peristaltic pump. The cartridge has a carrier having an annular series of peripheral rollers, the carrier being rotated by an output rotary assembly of the pump through a drive shaft. A plurality of tubes are located to pass through the cartridge in engagement with the rollers which effect pumping of liquids through the tubes by compression of successive parts of the tubes by the rollers as the carrier rotates thereby inducing the liquid flows therethrough by peristaltic action.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating polar or aqueous fluid emulsions of an organic composition. The method comprises contacting the emulsion with an emulsion-breaking amount of an organoclay to adsorb a major portion of the organic composition. Preferably, a portion of the water or polar fluid is then removed.

Abstract: A permeation testing apparatus for determining the permeation of a chemical through a test material. The testing apparatus includes a permeation cell comprising two units, each constructed of a block of relatively chemically inert material which may be placed in intimate contact. One face of each said block has a shallow cylindrical well, that is referred to as the "challenge side". The opposite face of the block has a conical well that is referred to as the "collection side". Two such blocks, or permeation units, are positioned face-to-face ("challenge side" to "collection side") and constitute one permeation cell. The material to be tested is positioned between two permeation units thereby separating the "challenge side" from the "collection side". Four ports are provided perpendicular to the axes of the permeation cell; i.e., an inlet and an exit port for each of the two permeation units. Several permeation units may be stacked, with each interface providing a permeation cell.

Abstract: A method for continuously processing a kaolin clay which has relatively poor high-shear viscosity when prepared as a high-solids suspension, so as to obtain therefrom a fraction having a value of high-shear viscosity in high-solids suspension which is low relative to the starting clay, thereby being desirable for use in coating of paper. The method comprises the steps of forming the kaolin clay into a dilute aqueous suspension having from 10% to 20% solids by weight and forming said suspension into a continuous flow stream; mixing the stream of flowing suspension at a given point with from about 0.001% to 0.