Abstract: A one-transistor one-capacitor memory cell structure is formed using the following steps. In a first step, a buried insulating film layer is formed in a semiconductor substrate and a semiconductor thin film layer is formed on the buried insulating film layer. In a second step, a capacitor trench is formed in the semiconductor substrate by penetrating through the buried layer and a dielectric film layer is formed on an inner side wall surface of the trench. Then, a conductive material is filled into the trench to form a capacitor. Finally, a MIS transistor is formed in the semiconductor thin film layer adjacent to the trench capacitor such that either the drain or the source makes contact with the conductive material.

Abstract: A code-division multiple-access spread-spectrum communication system uses pairs of spreading codes with rates of N/2 chips per data symbol to provide a capacity equivalent to that obtained in a conventional system with N chips per symbol. In the transmitter, identical input data are spread in parallel by both spreading codes, then used to modulate two orthogonal carrier signals, and the resulting radio-frequency signals are combined for transmission from an antenna. In the receiver, the received signal is demodulated by parallel multiplication with the two carrier signals, the resulting baseband signals are correlated with the two spreading codes, and the results are added.

Abstract: A Schmitt trigger circuit which eliminates malfunctions due to high frequency noise and is operable for signals in the direct current region, includes a resistor provided between an input terminal and an input node of MOS inverters, and a capacitor provided in feedback loop. The resistor and the capacitor act as a low pass filter. The capacitor maintains the Schmitt operation by its charging operation, despite the inclusion of noise in the input signal.

Abstract: A bicycle handle consists of a horizontal bar-binding cylinder provided on a handle stem, a pair of handle bars fixed in both ends of the bar-binding cylinder and one or two pressure cylinders holding the handle bars. A through hole perforated in the pressure cylinder inclines from an axis of the bar-binding cylinder. Each handle bar has a handle grip at an end of it. The handle, bars are inserted into the pressure cylinder. When the pressure cylinder alone rotates, since a slanting direction of the through hole is changed, an projecting angle of the handle bar inserted into the through hole from the bar-binding cylinder is changed. So a position of the handle grip can be changed easier.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an inter-layer insulating film (ex. O.sub.3, TEOS or NSG) with a superior surface flatness is disclosed to solve the problem that the surface of the inter-layer film formed on a certain under-layer substrate reveals roughness due to the influence of the substrate. It is provided a method for manufacturing O.sub.3 TEOS NSG film after doping nitrogen (N) atoms into the under-layer films, or after forming the under-layer films which contain nitrogen (N) atoms therein.

Abstract: A transfer press provided with a three-dimensional transfer system and a moving bolster. In the press, there are provided one each of four corners of the bolster an advancing/returning unit for performing an advancing/returning operation on a workpiece, a clamping/unclamping unit for performing a clamping/unclamping operation on the workpiece and a lifting/lowering unit for performing a lifting/lowering operation on the workpiece. The units include motors that make it possible for the bolster to carry a pair of feed bars thereon and permit the units to perform their operations even when the bolster is outside the press.

Abstract: A multivoltage power supply which can output a plurality of high voltages in parallel. The voltage values of the respective outputs are feedback to an A/D converter. Each feedback signal is converted to a digital signal and the difference between the digital signal and a corresponding predetermined output voltage is then calculated in the form of a digital value. This digital value is inputted to a corresponding auto-reload timer, whereby a pulse signal having a pulse width corresponding to the digital value is output at a predetermined frequency.

Abstract: A surface treatment material for a metallic base of an artificial tooth is made of brazing filler metal which melts at a relatively lower temperature than melting points of components of the metallic base and which comprises fine powder of non-ferrous metal which boils at a brazing temperature and fine powder of non-ferrous metal which does not boil at the same temperature. By using the surface treatment material, a bonding strength between a facing portion of the metallic base and a formed material made of hard resin can be improved.

Abstract: A paper cassette comprises a paper stack tray provided on a cassette body, a stack tray locking mechanism for locking the paper stack tray and releasing the lock when the cassette is inserted into the cassette receptacle, and a first restoring member for pushing the paper stack tray toward a supply roller and bringing the paper when the lock of the stack tray locking mechanism is released. The stack tray locking mechanism comprises a pivot member provided on the cassette body such that the pivot member is free to pivot, a locking member which engages with the pivot member, and engages the paper stack tray in the locked position, and a second restoring member for pushing the pivot member in such a direction that the pivot member comes in contact with the supply roller so as to engage the locking member with the paper stack tray.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device having typical DRAM memory cells and voltage lines selectively connected to the memory cells, functions as a ROM in which the stored data are partly rewritten to other data while the data in the memory cells having contact with the voltage line are used as common data. In the memory cells having contact with the voltage line, the voltage line, such a power supply line or a ground line, charges or discharges the bit line, whose voltage level is to be read out as stored data in lieu of actual stored data in the capacitor of the memory cell. The memory cell having contact with the voltage line functions as a ROM cell whereas the memory cell having no contact with the voltage line functions as a DRAM cell. ROM cells and DRAM cells on one chip are set arbitrarily by users, and read cycle operation of this memory device is performed with a high speed in the same manner as the read cycle operation of a typical DRAM.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a ferroelectric LCD panel and a backlighting unit which emits flashes of red light, flashes of green light, and flashes of blue light. The pixels of the LCD panel are turned on in accordance with the most significant bits of the red component of an image, and a red flash is emitted at a first level. Then all of the pixels are turned off. Pixels are turned on again in accordance with the second-most significant bit of the red component of the image, and then the red light is flashed at a level which is half that of the preceding flash. This procedure continues bit-by-bit until the pixels are turned on in accordance with the least significant bit of the red component of the image and the red light is flashed at a level commensurate with the least significant bit. Then the blue and green component of the frame are displayed in the same way.

Abstract: A sample-and-hold circuit, capable of charging and discharging its holding capacitor quickly regardless of a voltage of an analog input signal and an output impedance of an analog driving source, includes a pre-sampling capacitor and at least one CMOS inverter. Before the holding capacitor holds the sampled signal, the pre-sampling capacitor stores the signal level of the analog input signal, and then the CMOS inverter charges and discharges the one side of the holding capacitor according to the stored voltage in the pre-sampling capacitor. Since the one side of the holding capacitor is charged and discharged by the CMOS inverter thus controlled, the sample-and-hold circuit can operate with high speed and handle a wide range of the analog input signal.

Abstract: A bicycle handle consists of a horizontal bar-binding cylinder provided on a handle stem, a pair of handle bars fixed in both ends of the bar-binding cylinder and one or two pressure cylinders holding the handle bars. A through hole perforated in the pressure cylinder inclines from an axis of the bar-binding cylinder. Each handle bar has a handle grip at an end of it. The handle bars are inserted into the pressure cylinder. When the pressure cylinder alone rotates, since a slanting direction of the through hole is changed, an projecting angle of the handle bar inserted into the through hole from the bar-binding cylinder is changed. So a position of the handle grip can be changed easier.

Abstract: In the non-volatile semiconductor memory device according to the present invention, a floating gate is provided on a channel region which is interposed between a source region and a drain region through a tunnel insulation film. The tunnel insulation film and the floating gate are formed spaced apart from the source region by a predetermined offset distance. A sidewall gate which is insulated from the channel region and the floating gate is provided in an offset distance portion on the channel region. An offset region immediately under the sidewall gate functions as an inversion layer, thereby to make it possible to read out information at high speed utilizing the inversion of the offset region.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a sense amplifier for amplifying the data stored in a memory cell, activated in accordance with a binary output enable signal fed to the integrated circuit device, in order to reduce the power consumption thereof. When the output enable signal is at a first level, in which the output of the integrated circuit device becomes in a floating state after a memory cell is selected to be read out, the sense amplifier is disabled to reduce the power consumption. The sense amplifier is disabled in response to a signal from a control circuit, which produces a logical output signal based on output enable signal and a control signal used to activate the sense amplifier only for the read operation. While the sense amplifier is temporarily disabled, the output of the sense amplifier is latched by a latch circuit, which is also controlled by the output enable signal, to guarantee an output enable access time.

Abstract: A frame aligner detects sync patterns consisting of at least two units of data having a first value followed by at least two units of data having a second value in a serial data signal. The serial signal is demultiplexed to units of parallel data, which are stored in a shift register having a capacity of two units of data. All but one bit off the stored data are scanned to detect a unit having the first value. When such a unit is detected, alignment data indicating its position in the shift register are generated. The alignment data are latched and used to extract subsequent units from the shift register. New and old alignment data are compared to detect aligned units having the first value. A sync pattern is recognized as a consecutive sequence of such aligned units followed by a consecutive sequence of units having the second value.

Abstract: A spring-driven pencil sharpener is disclosed, including a top cap having a top opening to receive a pencil and two corresponding slots to receive a fastening device including a couple of hollow frames, a housing which is constructed with a pair of coupling castings, each of which being accompanied by a lateral cover, for disposing a pencil blade set and a spring-driven powering device and the outline of the housing is preferably designed to cooperate with that of the cap to form an egg-like shape for being held comfortably as well as looking nice.

Abstract: In a semiconductor memory device, when positive high voltages are respectively applied to a control gate(20) and a drain region(14) and a source region(13) is grounded, hot electrons are produced in the boundary between the drain region(14) and a channel region. The hot electrons are injected into a floating gate(18) through a tunnel oxide film(17). Consequently, information is written. At the time of reading out information, the drain region(14) is grounded, a positive read voltage is applied to the source region(13), and a predetermined sense voltage is applied to the control gate(20). At this time, the area between the source and the drain is kept in a non-conduction state if electrons are stored in the floating gate(18), while conduction occurs between the source and the drain if no electrons are stored therein. Since no hot electrons are produced in the boundary between the drain region(14) and the channel region at the time of reading, it is possible to effectively prevent so-called soft writing.

Abstract: A demodulator for code-division multiple-access spread-spectrum communications stores received chip data in a separate memory area for each transmitting station. Each area has a capacity of at least two symbols. When a complete symbol is received from a transmitting station, all chip data stored in the corresponding memory area are correlated with the corresponding spreading code, and estimated symbol values are derived from the correlated values. The correlated or estimated value of the oldest symbol is output as a demodulated value. The difference between each estimated symbol value and the previous estimate for the same symbol is multiplied by the spreading code to generate remaining interference values, which are subtracted from all chip data stored in memory areas for other transmitting stations, thereby updating those data.

Abstract: A polarization-independent optical wavelength filter uses a polarization splitter to divide an optical input signal into first and second signals with mutually perpendicular planes of polarization. The first signal propagates via a first optical path to a first end of an optical device, such as a TE-TM mode converter or a polarization-dependent filter, that acts selectively on the desired wavelength, then returns via a second optical path from a second end of the optical device to the polarization splitter. The second signal propagates via the second optical path to the second end of the same optical device, and returns from the first end via the first optical path to the polarization splitter. The polarization splitter recombines the returning signals into an optical output signal consisting only of the desired wavelength.