Abstract: A current verification status of a device (256) is identified out of a plurality of predefined verification data input (250) into the device (256) and data prestored within the device.(254) The indicator (272) reveals neither the prestored data nor the verification data. One of the predefined verification statuses is representative of the verification data being the same as the prestored data, and another verification status is representative of the verification data being different from the prestored data. An identified verification status is used by one entity in determining risk regarding an electronic communication from another entity, especially where the electronic communication comprises a request. The prestored data is for a Secret or a biometric characteristic of the first entity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-layered and multifunctional cathode in solid oxide fuel cells having high conductivity, high catalytic activity, minimized coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch, excellent compatibility to other portions of the fuel cell, and reduced temperature operation. The cathode comprises a conductive layer, a catalyst layer and a graded composition layer. The conductive layer has a first density, the catalyst layer has a second density that is less than the first density, and the graded composition layer is characterized by a graded electronic conductivity and a graded ionic conductivity.

Abstract: A beverage dispensing system for providing a beverage from a plurality of beverage concentrate sources. The beverage dispensing system includes a nozzle, a modular diluent valve for supplying diluent to the nozzle, a plurality of modular volumetric concentrate valves each in fluid communication with one of the beverage concentrate sources, and an electronic control board. The electronic control board determines the diluent flow rate through the modular diluent valve and instructs one of the modular volumetric concentrate valves to supply a predetermined volume of a beverage concentrate to the nozzle based upon the diluent flow rate.