Abstract: A system for periodically maintaining non-fuel fluids required for proper performance by various apparatus and for reporting non-fuel fluid maintenance action taken. Maintenance systems include means for replacing, replenishing or renewing non-fuel fluids or renewing non-fuel fluid filters. Reporting systems include means for communicating information between on- and off-apparatus sub-systems and for generating reports that document non-fuel fluid maintenance actions taken.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of a salt of at least one nitrogen containing polyacrylate and at least one phosphorus acid ester. The invention also relates to lubricating compositions and concentrates containing the same. The present phosphorus salts of the nitrogen containing copolymers provide improved dispersant, viscosity improver and antiwear properties to lubricating compositions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring a highly electrically-resistive fluid. The method includes applying across the fluid an AC signal that includes at least two different AC electrical potentials, with at least one AC electrical potential having a non-zero DC offset, measuring the fluid's electrical response at each applied potential, and analyzing the fluid quality and/or condition using the applied AC signal and the corresponding measured electrical responses. The invention finds application in conjunction with the on-line (i.e., while in use) monitoring a highly resistive fluids such as, e.g., lubricants, natural and/or synthetic motor oils optionally including standard additives and/or adjuncts, combustion engine fuels, other hydrocarbon-based fluids used in transportation and industrial applications, and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising: (a) at least one sulfur-free hydrocarbyl phosphoric acid ester or salt, (b) at least one sulfur-containing hydrocarbyl phosphoric acid or salt, (c) an organic polysulfide, (d) at least one dispersant, and (e) at least one triazole metal deactivator. The composition may also include a thiadiazole derivative. This additive combination provides good antiwear and thermal stability properties, even under severe thermal conditions. These compositions also have good demulsibility properties. The above combination of additives provides the antiwear and extreme-pressure protection necessary for automotive and industrial gear applications. These additives additionally provide this protection without adversely effecting demulsibility properties of the lubricant.

Abstract: A system for periodically maintaining non-fuel fluids required for proper performance by various apparatus and for reporting non-fuel fluid maintenance action taken. Maintenance systems include means for replacing, replenishing or renewing non-fuel fluids or renewing non-fuel fluid filters. Reporting systems include means for communicating information between on- and off-apparatus sub-systems and for generating reports that document non-fuel fluid maintenance actions taken.

Abstract: An aqueous hydrocarbon fuel is produced by a continuous process. Further, the continuous process employs at least two emulsification devices, in series, to produce an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel containing aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of less than 1.0 microns.

Abstract: This invention relates to a manual transmission lubricants comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, (A) at least one metal thiophosphate, (B) at least one phosphite, and (C) at least one basic salt of an acidic organic compound. In another embodiment, the manual transmission further comprises at least metal salt of a phenol. The lubricants provide the antiwear and extreme pressure protection needed for the manual transmission without harming the manual transmission components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an additive comprising a blend of an alkyl ester copolymer, preferably an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and naphthenic oil. The invention further relates to the use of such alkyl ester copolymers for improving the flow properties of mineral oils. Most preferably, the additive is employed in manual transmission oils, axle factory fill oils, and extended drain oils, when used in conjunction with driveline oil filtration. The additive of the present invention prevents filter blockage of such a filter due to wax formation.

Abstract: A composition comprising a hydrocarbon polymer having attached thereto pendant groups Aa and Bb wherein each A is independently selected from members of the group consisting of: groups of the formula and each B is independently selected from members of the group of formula: wherein each X is independently O, S, or NRb, and each Z is independently a group of the formula Ra is an ethylene group, a propylene group, which groups optionally have hydrocarbyl or hydroxyhydrocarbyl substituents, or wherein J is H, SH, NH2, or OH, and tautomers thereof; a is 0 or a number ranging from 1 to about 50, and b is a number ranging from 1 to about 30; wherein each of the groups is defined in greater detail herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and (a) a extreme pressure improving amount of at least one sulfur compound, and an antiwear or an extreme pressure improving amount of the combination of (b) at least one ammonium salt of a phosphoric acid ester, (c) at least one phosphite, and (d) at least one thiophosphate or at least one reaction product of a phosphite and sulfur or a source of sulfur. The invention also relates to concentrates and greases containing the combination of the sulfur is compound and the specific phosphorus compounds.

Abstract: A composition comprising a hydrocarbon polymer having {overscore (M)}n ranging from 20,000 to about 500,000, when the polymer is not a star polymer, and up to about GPC peak molecular weight of 4,000,000 when the polymer is a star polymer having attached thereto pendant groups Aa and Bb wherein each A is independently a member of the group of formula —Q—Kk wherein each Q is independently an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, each K is independently a member selected from the group consisting of amide groups, nitrile groups, ester groups and carboxylic acid groups, and each k is independently a number ranging from 1 to about 3, and when k≧2, groups —K on adjacent carbon atoms, taken together, may constitute a succinimide group, and a is 0 or a number ranging from 1 to about 50; and each B is independently a member of the group of formula: wherein each X is independently O, S, or NRb, each Rb is independently H, NH2, hydrocarbyl, hydroxyhydrocarbyl, or aminohydrocarb

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising a blend of a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, gear or transmission oil package and a top treatment which comprises at least one saturated fatty phosphate ester or salt, wherein the lubricating composition is free of saturated fatty phosphites. Tin another embodiment, the invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, at least one saturated fatty phosphate ester or salt, at least one polysulfide and at least one phosphorus antiwear or extreme pressure agent, wherein the lubricating composition is free of saturated fatty phosphites. The invention relates to additive combinations which when added to a lubricant can provide and improve frictional and, optionally, thermal stability properties. The additives include a phosphate ester or salt wherein the hydrocarbyl group of the phosphate is a fatty-saturated group.

Abstract: A system for automatically and simultaneously diagnosing apparatus performance and safety condition, maintaining on-apparatus components and sub-systems, and reporting apparatus condition and maintenance action taken during apparatus refueling. Diagnostic sub-systems include means for determining the condition of fluids or components that are consumed or deteriorate during use. Maintenance sub-systems include means for replacing, replenishing or renewing non-fuel fluids or components that are consumed or deteriorate during use. Reporting sub-systems include means for communicating information between on- and off-apparatus sub-systems and for generating reports that document apparatus performance and safety condition and the maintenance actions taken during refueling. A report can be presented to the apparatus operator, apparatus maintenance technician and/or to a central reporting facility.

Abstract: A continuous on-board diagnostic lubricant monitoring system and method evaluates lubricant quality and detects incipient lubricant failure due to contamination by measuring physical characteristics of the lubricant itself. The lubrication system (1) employs a diagnostic cell (27) which samples engine lubricant (EL) from an engine (2), and exposes the samples to sensors (28) which measure its physical characteristics. The senors (28) preferably include a permittivity sensor, a viscosity sensor, and a temperature sensor. Diagnostic testing based on the measurements can be carried out on-board via a controller (30) running selected algorithms or processes. A time to condemning limit for the lubricant, i.e., the time until the lubricant has degraded to given quality level, is calculated based on permittivity data received by the controller (30) from the sensors (28). Likewise, a time to condemning limit is calculated based on viscosity data.

Abstract: A lubrication system for supplying a portion of the engine lubricant to one or more gear devices driven thereby and return to the engine independent of whether the gear devices are being driven at the time. Thus even when the engine is idling engine lubricant is circulated through the gear devices to maintain the temperature of the lubricant circulating through the gear devices within a relatively narrow temperature range. Also, the lubricant level within the gear devices will be maintained without the need for inspection of the gear devices as long as the engine lubricant level is regularly checked and maintained either manually or automatically. Further, by changing the engine lubricant at regular service intervals or using an automated lubricant change system, the quality and level of the lubricant in the gear devices is also maintained.

Abstract: Organo molybdenum containing oils of lubricating viscosity having improved high temperature frictional properties are made using semi-packages of additives. The semi-packages contain: (A) a dispersant, a zinc salt, and a detergent and (B) an organo molybdenum compound. The packages are formed individually prior to mixing.

Abstract: A novel crosslinked emulsifier is employed to produce a stable aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsion.

Abstract: A viscometer for sensing or characterizing the stress required to shear a fluid at a given rate includes a pair of members coaxially mounted for relative rotation. Between the members is an annular gap defining a flow path for the fluid. The flow path is configured such that during differential rotation of the members, fluid is caused to flow through the annular gap that is a function of the differential rotation and the viscosity of the fluid. A sensor measures the torque or torque equivalent required to achieve such differential rotation between the members.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.