Abstract: Biological optimization systems for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and methods of use. Specifically, methods for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency including applying pulsed light to a photosynthetic organism, using a chlorophyll fluorescence feedback control system to determine one or more photosynthetic efficiency parameters, and adjusting one or more of the photosynthetic efficiency parameters to drive the photosynthesis by the delivery of an amount of light to optimize light absorption of the photosynthetic organism while providing enough dark time between light pulses to prevent oversaturation of the chlorophyll reaction centers are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a material that belongs to the class of lacunar spinels with tetrahedral aggregates of an AM4X8 transition element as the active material for an electronic data non-volatile memory, in which: A includes at least one of the following elements: Ga, Ge, Zn; M includes at least one of the following elements: V, Nb, Ta, Mo; and X includes at least one of the following elements: S, Se.

Abstract: The invention discloses an event announcing system. The event announcing system comprises a portable electrical apparatus, a network, and a server. The portable electrical apparatus comprises an image capturing module, a positioning module, a time module, and a processing module. When the image capturing module captures an image information related to an event, the positioning module receives a positioning information and the time module receives a time information. The processing module is used for generating an announcing signal according to the image information, the positioning information, and the time information. When the server receives the announcing signal via the network, the server validates the announcing signal according to a validating rule and selectively generates an event report according to the announcing signal.

Abstract: A sequential pattern comprising contiguous black frames inserted between left and right 3D video and/or graphics frames may be displayed on an LCD display. The pattern may comprise two or three contiguous left frames followed by contiguous black frames followed by two or three contiguous right frames followed by contiguous black frames. The left and/or right frames may comprise interpolated frames and/or may be displayed in ascending order. The contiguous black frames are displayed longer than liquid crystal response time. 3D shutter glasses are synchronized with the black frames. A left lens transmits light when left frames followed by contiguous black frames are displayed and a right lens transmits light when right frames followed by contiguous black frames are displayed. A 3D pair of 24 Hz frames or two 3D pairs of 60 Hz frames per pattern are displayed on a 240 Hz display.

Abstract: A communication device includes a first casing, a second casing, a hinge, a keyboard and an antenna. The hinge is connected to the first casing and the second casing, so that the first casing is capable of rotating with respect to the second casing. The keyboard for inputting data is disposed at the second casing. The keyboard can be a QWERTY keyboard, a AZERTY keyboard, a QWERTZ keyboard or a DVORAK keyboard. The antenna for sending or receiving a communication signal is disposed in the first casing or the second casing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for routing media packets between a plurality of processors and a digital signal processor (DSP) are disclosed. An exemplary device comprises: an egress processor; an ingress processor; conversion logic; and a DSP configured to transcode a payload in the packet. The ingress processor is configured to change a first layer-2 header of a received media packet to a second layer-2 header. The second layer-2 header includes a DSP address and an egress processor address. The first layer-2 header has a first format and the second layer-2 header having a second different format. The conversion logic is configured to change the second layer-2 header to a third layer-2 header, and to change the third layer-2 header to a fourth layer-2 header including the egress processor address in the first format. The third layer-2 header includes the egress processor address in the first format.

Abstract: A system for displaying images is provided. The system includes a reflective liquid crystal display device including a first substrate having a pixel unit array thereon. A second substrate is disposed above the first substrate and a liquid crystal layer is disposed therebetween. A plurality of first electrodes is disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer and corresponds to each pixel unit including a reflective electrode. A second electrode is disposed between the plurality of first electrodes and the liquid crystal layer to serve as a common electrode that controls the liquid crystal layer. An organic light-emissive layer is disposed between the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode. A light-emitting device is constituted by the plurality of first electrodes, the second electrode, and the organic light-emissive layer to provide light onto the reflective electrode.

Abstract: A receiver receiving a Radio Frequency (RF) signal and generating a baseband signal is provided. An RF module receives the RF signal and down convert the RF signal according to a first oscillation frequency to generate an Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal. An IF module is coupled to the RF module and arranged to receive the IF signal and down convert the IF signal according to a second oscillation frequency to generate the baseband signal. A calibration module is coupled to the RF module and arranged to calculate the IF signal according to a third oscillation frequency to detect an I/Q mismatch, and generate an adjustment signal, accordingly, to calibrate the I/O mismatch.

Abstract: A pipelined recycling analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which converts a first analog input signal into a first digital output signal, including a first conversion stage and a second conversion stage is disclosed. The first conversion stage includes a first processing unit and a second processing unit. The first and the second processing units execute a number of conversion operations. For each conversion operation, an analog value and a digital code are generated by the first or the second processing unit. The first and the second processing units share an operational amplifier, and for each conversion operation. The second conversion stage includes a comparing unit which determines a specific analog value among the analog values generated by the first and the second processing units. When the specific analog value is not located within a predetermined range, the comparing unit generates a reset pulse to reset the operational amplifier.

Abstract: An isolation structure comprising a substrate is provided. A trench is in the substrate. A sidewall of the trench has a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface. The first inclined surface is located on the second inclined surface. The slope of the first inclined surface is different from the slope of the second inclined surface. A length of the first inclined surface is greater than 15 nanometers.

Abstract: A resistive random access memory (RRAM) and a verifying method thereof are provided. The RRAM comprises at least one resistive memory cell. The resistive memory cell comprises a resistive memory element and a transistor, wherein one terminal of the resistive memory element is coupled to a first terminal of the transistor. The verifying method comprises the following steps: Whether the resistive memory cell passes verification is determined. During a first time period and under the circumstance that the resistive memory cell fails to pass verification, a reference voltage is applied to the other terminal of the resistive memory element and a voltage pulse is applied to a second terminal of the transistor according to a voltage signal to write a reverse voltage to the resistive memory cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pliers for removing an insulating layer of an electrical cable, in particular a coaxial cable. The inventive pliers comprise a cutting element. The distance of the cutting element from a seat for the cable is adjustable. Furthermore, the cutting element has a degree of freedom in a circumferential direction of the coaxial cable relative to the seat.

Abstract: A memory operating method includes the following steps. First, a memory with a charge storage structure is provided. Next, the memory is biased to a first threshold voltage. Then, the memory is biased to a second threshold voltage. Next, the memory is biased to a third threshold voltage. The first threshold voltage is higher than a first level. The second threshold voltage is lower than a second level. The third threshold voltage is approximating or equal to the second level.

Abstract: Included are embodiments for providing a topic map. At least one embodiment of a method includes receiving a plurality of web pages, the web pages including metadata, extracting at least a portion of the metadata from the web pages, and creating at least one topic associated with the web pages, the at least one topic corresponding to at least a portion of the metadata.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a liquid crystal display panel, a backlight module and a composite tape. The composite tape is assembled to the liquid crystal display panel and the backlight module, wherein the composite tape comprises an insulating layer, a first adhesive layer and an electrically conductive layer. The first adhesive layer is formed at one side of the insulating layer. The electrically conductive layer is formed at another side of the insulating layer, wherein the electrically conductive layer is in touch with an electrically conductive element of the liquid crystal display apparatus to be connected to ground.

Abstract: An electronic device and a keypad structure thereof are disclosed. The keypad structure includes a first key group, a second key group and a third key group. The second key group is disposed on the left side of the first key group, and the third key group is disposed on the right side of the first key group. Each key area of the second key group is smaller than that of the first key group, and each key area of the third key group is also smaller than that of the first key group.

Abstract: A circuitry of an IC is provided, including a pad, an internal circuit, and an ESD protection circuit. The pad transmits or receives a signal and is coupled to a first node. The internal circuit is coupled to the first node for processing the signal. The ESD protection circuit includes an ESD clamping circuit, a first current limiting and shunting unit and a second current limiting and shunting unit. The ESD clamping circuit is coupled to the first node, for clamping an ESD current flowing through the first node. The first current limiting and shunting unit is through the first node coupled to the pad, for limiting the ESD current and shunting part of the ESD current to a first voltage path. The second current limiting and shunting unit is coupled to the first current limiting and shunting unit, for limiting the ESD current and shunting part of the ESD current to a second voltage path.

Abstract: Briefly described, embodiments of this disclosure, among others, include carbon dioxide (CO2) sorption structures, methods of making CO2 sorption structures, and methods of using CO2 sorption structures.

Abstract: A wireless sensing system and a method thereof are provided. The wireless sensing system includes: a data processing center; and a first sensor module for processing a first source data into a first dynamic counting sketch data structure. The first dynamic counting sketch data structure has a bit length determined based on the first source data. The data processing center estimates the first source data based on the first dynamic counting sketch data.

Abstract: A micro flow device and a method for generating a fluid with pH gradient are provided. The micro flow device includes a first and second substrates, an ion exchange membrane, and at least an electrode unit. The second substrate having a second flow path is disposed corresponding to the first substrate that has a first flow path. The ion exchange membrane is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate to separate an electrolyte solution inside the first and second flow paths. The electrode unit includes at least two electrodes disposed in the first and second flow paths respectively. When the pair of electrodes is driven to electrolyze the electrolyte solution, the ion exchange membrane retards the mixing of an anode product and a cathode product produced by electrolyzing the electrolyte solution, such that a liquid having pH gradient is generated inside the first and second flow paths.