Abstract: An electrolytic cell jumper switch system is disclosed which eliminates all damaging reverse currents without utilizing any additional rectifiers, power supply or auxiliary power or current sources by loading the electrical current flow through resistor modules around the cell to be disconnected, bypassing the current flow around the bus bar connection between the adjacent cells and the cell to be disconnected by closing a connecting switch and finally reopening the connecting switch to transfer the total current load in the switch back to the resistor modules.

Abstract: A process for making metal salt (ionomers) of carboxylic acid-containing mono- and polyether polyol addition products by (1) reacting maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, or mixtures thereof with at least one polyhydroxy-containing mono- or polyether compound (e.g. a polyether diol or triol) in the presence of a peroxy-type free radical initiator to form a carboxylic acid group-containing addition product and (2) neutralizing said addition product with a sufficient amount of metal ions selected from the group consisting of metals from Groups 1a, 2a, 8, 1b and 2b of the Periodic Table to convert at least about 10% of the carboxylic acid groups to ionomeric salt groups. These ionomers may be then changed into useful polyurethane elastomers by reaction with organic polyisocyanates.

Abstract: High purity solutions of alkali metal hydrosulfites having low concentrations of alkali metal thiosulfates are produced in a process which comprises feeding an alcohol-free aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydrosulfite containing an alkali metal thiosulfate as an impurity to a crystallizing zone. Produced in the crystallizing zone is a slurry of alkali metal hydrosulfite crystals which is conveyed from the crystallizing zone to a separating zone. The separating zone, employing a non-gravitational separation means, recovers a slurry of alkali metal hydrosulfite crystals from a first mother liquor. A portion of the slurry of alkali metal hydrosulfite crystals is conveyed to a concentrating zone to recover a cake of alkali metal hydrosulfite crystals from a second mother liquor.

Abstract: A filter press membrane electrolytic cell having at least one cathode and one anode sandwiched about a permselective ion exchange membrane which employs a cathode having a first layer and a second layer cooperative with the membrane such that the voltage cofficient during operation at current densities greater than 4.0 kiloamperes per square meter is less than about 0.20 volts per kiloampere per square meter.

Abstract: Described is a process for oxidizing 2-chloropyridine or 2-bromopyridine to the corresponding N-oxide with peracetic acid generated in situ from H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, alkali metal bisulfates, ammonium bisulfate, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosing a process for making meta-aminobenzotrifluoride comprising:reacting meta-nitrobenzotrichloride with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of ammonium ions under a pressure of at least about 35 psig and at a temperature of at least about 55.degree. C. for sufficient time in the presence of water and a metal catalyst to form meta-aminobenzotrifluoride, wherein the amount of water added is at least one mole percent of the meta-nitrobenzotrichloride.

Abstract: In a rotary drum spray grainer there is provided a solid product material exit at the same end as the inlet hot air so that air classification of the solid product material according to size is achieved while the solid product material passes counter-current to the inlet hot air as the solid product material exits the drum.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved water-based hydraulic fluid composition which comprises an aqueous composition having a viscosity of at least 5 centistokes at 40.degree. C. which contains up to about 95 percent by weight of water, at least 0.1 percent by weight of a carboxylic acid lubricity agent, and an effective amount of at least one selected anti-wear additive; wherein the improvement comprises:said anti-wear agent comprising the combination of:(a) mono-, di-, or trihydroxy-substituted aromatic compound; with(b) an aromatic compound substituted with one to three electron-withdrawing substituents, wherein said electron-withdrawing substituents are selected from the group consisting of cyano, sulfo, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved water-based hydraulic fluid composition which comprises an aqueous composition having a viscosity of at least 5 centistokes at 40.degree. C. which contains up to about 95 percent by weight of water, at least 0.1 percent by weight of a carboxylic acid lubricity agent, and an effective amount of an anti-wear additive; wherein the improvement comprises:said anti-wear agent comprising the combination of:(a) mono-, di-, and trihydroxy-substituted aromatic non-carboxylic acid compounds; with(b) substituted aromatic compounds, wherein the substituents comprise mono-, di-, and trinitro groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved water-based hydraulic fluid composition which comprises an aqueous composition having a viscosity of at least 5 centistokes at 40.degree. C. which contains up to about 95 percent by weight of water, at least 0.1 percent by weight of a carboxylic acid lubricity agent, and an effective amount of at least one selected anti-wear additive; wherein the improvement comprises:said anti-wear agent comprising the combination of:(a) an aromatic compound containing one to three electron-releasing substituent components, wherein said electron-releasing substituents are selected from the group consisting of amino, alkyl-substituted amino having 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, amido groups of the formula --NHC(.dbd.

Abstract: A method of employing wire reference electrodes in an electrolytic cell with at least one voltmeter to monitor the potential of the cell components and the cell is provided wherein the wire reference electrode comprises a lead-in wire portion, a reference wire portion, a sealing material to seal the junction of the lead-in wire reference portions, and a heat shrinkable insulating material.

Abstract: Oxidation inhibiting amounts of alkylated diphenyl oxide disulfonates are incorporated into photographic color developers containing primary aromatic amino color developing agents to increase clarity and inhibit the formation of tar-like precipitates in these developers. Typical disulfonates include sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, sodium decyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, sodium cetyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, monocetyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, dicetyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and mixtures thereof. The use of disulfonates of this type substantially eliminates the need for cosolvents such as alkanolamines to inhibit the formation of tar-like particles in the developers.

Abstract: A process for drying a wet cake of aminoguanidine bicarbonate (AGB), which comprises subjecting the wet cake of aminoguanidine bicarbonate to drying temperatures from about 35.degree. C. to about 95.degree. C. under a carbon dioxide-containing atmosphere for a sufficient amount of time to form a dried aminoguanidine bicarbonate product which is substantially free of moisture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bioactive polymer comprising an effective biocidal amount of moieties derived from pyrithione and having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and PT represents the pyrithione moiety which is defined as ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are individually selected from hydrogen and, a lower alkyl group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a lower alkoxy group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, a nitro group and a halo group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diesel fuel comprising a base fuel selected from the group consisting of liquid hydrocarbons of the diesel boiling range, alcohols, and mixtures thereof, and an effective cetane number-increasing amount of at least one beta-nitroalkene of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups having from 1 to about 13 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the sum of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 contains from 2 to about 13 carbon atoms.

Abstract: In an alpine snow ski having a fiberglass sandwich construction there is provided at least one high strength fiber reinforcing rod positioned generally horizontally within the ski's cross-section extending forwardly from the binding area to the shovel contact point and rearwardly from the binding area to the tail contact point externally of the compression carrying laminate to increase the flexural response and compressive structural strength of the ski.

Abstract: Nonionic surfactant compositions useful in forming stable emulsions with oil in saline solutions comprising a blend of:(a) at least one alkyl phenol ethoxylate selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## wherein R is a branched or linear alkyl group having from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms and x is from about 4 to about 15; and(b) at least one alkyl phenol glycoxylate selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein R' is a branched or linear alkyl group having from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms and y is from about 4 to about 15; and the weight ratio of (a) to (b) is from about 9:1 to about 1:2.These surfactant compositions may be employed in enhanced oil recovery processes and other applications where good emulsification and high salinity tolerances are required such as textiles, leather, dairy, concrete grinding aids and drilling muds.

Abstract: A novel, heat curable, liquid polymer composition is disclosed which comprises a modified urethane oligomer containing terminal ethylenic unsaturation and a free radical catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer composition further includes at least one additional component selected from a reinforcing agent and a filler; the cured composition demonstrates enhanced impact properties and is particularly useful in automotive body constructions.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an electrolytic cell, and a method for producing same, wherein said electrode comprises an internal copper conductor and an external element of a second metal, at least a portion of each having contact surfaces being held in intimate contact with the other, said conductor and said element each having a conductive coating applied to the contact surface, said conductive coating comprising between about 20 and about 30 percent indium and between about 80 and about 70 percent gallium, whereby the contact resistance between said conductor and said element is reduced.