Abstract: A divided electrochemical cell assembly comprises stacked bipolar substantially square parallel planar electrodes and membranes. The corners and edges of the electrodes with bordering insulative spacers in juxtaposition with the chamber walls define four electrolyte circulation manifolds. Anolyte and catholyte channeling means permit the separate introduction of anolyte and catholyte into two of the manifolds and the withdrawal of anolyte and catholyte separately from at least two other manifolds. The electrodes and membranes are separated from one another by the insulative spacers which are also channeling means disposed to provide electrolyte channels across the interfaces of adjacent electrodes and membranes.

Abstract: This invention provides for the separation of the contents of the process discharge stream of reaction in which an amine is produced from a nitrile. An inorganic base having a concentration greater than 40 weight percent is introduced into the process discharge stream which is decanted, purged, flashed, and a portion thereof recycled.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for the oxidation and ammoxidation of olefins contain antimony, uranium, iron, bismuth, and molybdenum in a catalytically active oxidized state. The catalysts are especially useful for the production of acrylonitrile from propylene, ammonia, and an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A handling and storage device for a swivel-fluke-type marine anchor comprises an interrelated shank-receiving boom and fluke channeling member both being rotatable with parallel axes of rotation. When the shank of the anchor is held in position by the shank-receiving boom, the fluke channeling member receives and folds the anchor into an essentially planar position. In a preferred embodiment suitable for vertical or receding sides and transoms the axes are separate but parallel, and the axis of the boom is on a boom support frame which is also rotatable and which holds the boom away from the side or transom when in the receiving position.

Abstract: A process for the ammoxidation of methanol or formaldehyde to hydrogen cyanide or oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde using a catalyst comprising manganese and phosphorus, preferably as oxides, wherein the manganese to phosphorus atomic ratio is 1:1 to 1.5:1.

Abstract: A process for the decontamination of the distillation refinement residue from the process of oxidizing cyclohexane to KA oil is provided. The process comprises washing the distillation refinement residue with the crystallization by-product obtained in crystallizing adipic acid from the product stream of the process of oxidizing the KA oil with a strong acid. This crystallization residue comprises residual amounts of the strong acid and adipic acid, as well as substantial amounts of glutaric acid and succinic acid.

Abstract: In the production of amines from nitriles where the nitriles are hydrogenated under pressure in the presence of a Raney Nickel Catalyst using hydrogen produced from methane and containing CO.sub.2, a more efficient separation of the product hexamethylene diamine from the catalyst is obtained by maintaining a specified carbonate concentration. This specific carbonate concentration improves the settling characteristics of the catalyst and reduces catalyst carryover into the crude hexamethylene diamine during decantation.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for the oxidation and ammoxidation of alcohols containing the elements iron and molybdenum in a catalytically active oxidized state exhibit improved selectivity and yield upon being activated by contacting calcined catalyst particles sequentially with a molecular oxygen-free reducing gas and an oxygen-containing gas at catalyst activating conditions. These activated catalysts are especially useful for the production of hydrogen cyanide from methanol, ammonia, and an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A by-product stream from the production of adipic acid from cyclohexane, containing glutaric acid, succinic acid and adipic acid, is employed as a buffer in lime or limestone flue gas scrubbing for the removal of sulfur dioxide from combustion gases.

Abstract: Mixtures of crystals and a liquid, ordinarily comprising the mother liquor of the crystals are continuously separated by feeding the mixture into a screw type press having drainage apperatures, thereby subjecting the crystals with the mother liquor entrapped therein to pressures sufficient to substantially reduce the interstitial space between crystals. Reduction of the interstitial space causes the mother liquor to be forced out of the drainage aperatures thus purifying the crystals. This achieves a more effective separation of mother liquor from the crystals than can be achieved by gravity or the use of a device such as a centrifuge and eliminates the need for a foreign solvent to wash the mother liquor from the crystals.

Abstract: Nitrohalobenzenes are prepared in two stages by reacting monohalobenzene with nitric acid.

Abstract: An improvement in a method of preparing catalysts for the manufacture of maleic anhydride by oxidizing a saturated hydrocarbon. The catalyst is prepared by a process in which a catalyst precursor, containing tetravalent vanadium, is formed into agglomerates and calcined, the improvement being calcining the catalyst precursor at 325.degree.-375.degree. C. in the presence of oxygen and a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell assembly comprises stacked bipolar substantially square parallel planar electrodes. The corners and edges of the electrodes with bordering insulative spacers in juxtaposition with the chamber walls define four electrolyte circulation manifolds. Electrolyte channelling means permit the introduction of electrolyte into one or two of the manifolds and the withdrawal of electrolyte from at least one other manifold. The electrodes are separated from one another by the insulative spacers which are also channelling means disposed to provide electrolyte channels across the interfaces of adjacent electrodes.

Abstract: In the production of hexamethylenediamine from adiponitrile an inorganic base is used to facilitate separation of Raney nickel catalyst and crude hexamethylenediamine.

Abstract: This is an improvement in a process for the production of an amine such as hexamethylenediamine from a nitrile such as adiponitrile where the nitrile is hydrogenated under pressure in the presence of a Raney nickel catalyst, the reaction being conducted in a reactor from which is discharged a product stream containing both the amine and the Raney nickel catalyst. The improvement comprises charging to the process discharge stream containing the product amine and the Raney nickel catalyst, an inorganic base, whereby the Raney nickel catalyst is passivated and catalytic decomposition of the amine is substantially decreased.

Abstract: In the preparation of phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalyst, where vanadium and phosphorus are contacted under conditions to provide a catalyst precursor with vanadium in the tetravalent state, and the precursor is formed into agglomerations and subsequently calcined at high temperatures, the improvement which comprises contacting the catalyst precursor with a non-aqueous solvent in an amount sufficient to enhance crush strength.

Abstract: In conventional procedures for the preparation of phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts, with or without promoting elements or carriers, the phosphorus compounds and vanadium compounds are mixed under conditions to form precursors. These precursors are then heated to temperatures up to 600.degree. C. to form phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts suitable for the conversion of saturated hydrocarbons, such as butane, to maleic anhydride. By the process of the present invention, a new phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen composition is formed which is converted to the precursor. Catalysts formed by the process of the present invention, when used for the conversion of saturated hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride, provide higher yields of maleic anhydride.

Abstract: An improvement in fluid-bed oxychlorination methods comprising in combination a generally cup-shaped container and an inverted generally cone-shaped gas distributor having a truncated apex the section of truncation defining a generally circular or polygonal opening, the lip portion of the container fitting against the similarly-shaped opening of the distributor.

Abstract: A non-competing gas is injected into an electrolytic cell to reduce the accumulation of competing gas at one of the electrode surfaces thereby to increase the efficiency of the cell.

Abstract: Catalyst activity is substantially increased in phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts for the preparation of maleic anhydride from saturated hydrocarbons having 4 to 10 carbon atoms by the addition of boron to the catalyst composition.