Abstract: An electrical circuit is disclosed having a drive stage and a control stage suitable, for example, for operating an electric motor in an electrical power assisted steering system.

Abstract: A pre-assembled unit 10 for use in assembly of an engine valve system 150 in an engine 152. The pre-assembled unit 10 includes a spring 14 for providing a force for urging an engine valve 156 in a first direction, a spring seat 20 engaged with the spring 14, a spring retainer 78 for maintaining the spring 14 in a concentric position around the valve 156, and locks 82 for lockingly engaging the spring retainer 78 and the valve 156. The spring retainer 78 and the locks 82 transmit the spring force to the valve 156. The pre-assembled unit 10 includes a retention member 120 for temporarily maintaining the spring 14, the spring seat 20 and the spring retainer 78 together prior to installation into the engine valve system 150. The retention member 120 cooperates at its upper section 130 with the locks 82 and at its lower section 124 with an oil seal 22 on the spring seat 20 to hold the spring retainer 78 and the spring seat 20 in engagement with the spring 14.

Abstract: A portable hand holdable apparatus is provided for use in carbonating beverages. The apparatus includes a valve housing having an inlet section adapted to be coupled in a fluid tight engagement with a source or pressurized carbon dioxide and an outlet section adapted to be coupled in fluid tight engagement with a container having beverage therein to be carbonated. A valve structure is mounted within the housing intermediate the inlet section and the outlet section. The inlet section carries a gas release mechanism for cooperating with a source of pressurized carbon dioxide to release carbon dioxide so as to flow into the valve structure. The valve structure includes a first valve for passing carbon dioxide from the inlet section together with a pressure regulator mechanism that responds to the pressure within the outlet section reaching a given level and then blocking further passage of carbon dioxide through the valve structure.