Abstract: A wet process apparatus, e.g., plating cell for plating a flat substrate introduces a flow of electrolyte or other plating solution across the surface of the substrate to be plated. The substrate is mounted on a holder that is positioned on a door that swings between a horizontal open position and a vertical closed position. There is a circular opening in a front wall against which the door seats. The door can have a sealing ring that contacts the wall of the cell outside of the opening. A cathode ring disposed in a recess in the periphery of the opening makes electrical contact with the substrate. The cathode ring can include a thin metal thieving ring. A fluid-powered rotary blade or wiper within the plating chamber rotates to draw bubbles or other impurities from the substrate, and a megasonic transducer applies megasonic acoustic energy to the solution, e.g., at 0.2 to 5 Mhz. The cell can be used for electroless or galvanic plating.

Abstract: An actuation circuit for an electromechanical relay employs a microprocessor and a switching transistor to actuate a relay over a wide range of applied voltages. The switching transistor is connected in series with the actuator coil. A voltage sensing circuit is connected to one input of the microprocessor, which produces a pulse-width modulated actuator output to gate the switching transistor. The microprocessor is suitably programmed so as to produce a pulse width modulated signal actuator signal whose duty cycle is a function of applied voltage. The RMS current through the relay coil is sufficient to ensure good actuation, but does not overstress the coil. The relay is selected to have its rated actuation voltage at or below a lower end of the expected range of applied voltages. A relay actuation boost arrangement can include a transistor or an SUS (silicon unidirectional switch) or similar negative resistance device.

Abstract: A toy is intended to resemble a cyclone type vacuum cleaner. The toy vacuum cleaner includes a body comprising a cylindrical container which has a transparent cylindrical outer wall. A core extends axially into the container to define a space between itself and the outer wall. A fan assembly is mounted to close an open end of the container. A multiplicity of polystyrene beads are disposed within the space between the core and the outer wall. The fan assembly includes a fan rotor mounted substantially coaxially with the container, to be driven by a motor, whereby on activation of the motor, the fan causes a circulation of air within the container, which circulation causes the beads to move in approximately circular paths about the core.

Abstract: First-order failure mode arrangement for driving an actuator coil for a switch element employs a microprocessor controller and a driver circuit that includes an amplifier switching device, such as a transistor, a capacitor that ac-couples the output of the microprocessor to a control electrode of the amplifier switching device, and the actuator coil which is tied between a voltage source and an output electrode of the amplifier switching device. The microprocessor also has a capability of interrogating the on or off condition of the switch element. The switch element can be, for example, the gas valve relay for a gas furnace. The switch element can be tested to ensure that it is capable of both closing and opening when directed, and to ensure that of the switch element is not locked or frozen into a closed condition.

Abstract: A manhole cover of substantially monolithic construction is claimed. The manhole cover comprises a central cover portion having a center, and having a thickness that varies radially from the center in accordance with an exponential or parabolic function. An intermediate cover portion surrounds the central cover portion and has a substantially uniform thickness. An outer bearing portion surrounds the intermediate cover portion and has a thickness greater than the intermediate cover portion. The thickness of the central portion may vary radially from the center in accordance with the exponential function, t.sub.r =T.multidot.e.sup.-cB, where t.sub.r is the thickness at a given radial point r from the center, c=(r/R).sup.2, where R is the radius of the cover, B is a dispersion constant, and T is a constant that determines the thickness of the central portion at the center.

Abstract: A plating cell for plating a flat substrate employs a sparger to introduce a flow of electrolyte or other plating solution across the surface of the substrate to be plated. A fluid-powered rotary blade or wiper within the cathode chamber has a rotary blade with an edge spaced a small distance, preferably about three-eighths inch, from the substrate, and an annular turbine which rotates under a flow of the electrolytic fluid that is also being fed to the sparger. The rotary wiper is run at a speed between about 35 and 80 rpm and draws the electrolyte away from the substrate. This helps remove hydrogen bubbles that form during electroplating. In addition, a megasonic transducer applies megasonic acoustic energy to the solution, e.g., at 0.2 to 5 MHz.

Abstract: An arrangement for driving actuator coils for two or more driven devices employs a microprocessor or similar controller and an actuator driver circuit. The actuator driver circuit controls two or more relay actuator coils from a single microprocessor output terminal. This output terminal can provide a high, low, or pulse output signal. An amplifier switching device, such as a transistor, whose base is coupled to the output terminal of the microprocessor, drives the first relay actuator coil as its load. A rectifying diode is connected to one end of a capacitor and thence through a negative resistance device to a second relay actuator coil or other driven device. The coil impedances are selected so that the second coil has a significantly higher impedance than the first coil. When output pulses appear at the microprocessor output terminal, the transistor switch pulses on and off, and thus energizes the first coil.

Abstract: A ceiling or overhead air conditioner unit is configured to fit into a standard space, e.g., two-foot by four-foot, in a dropped ceiling. The unit can be a self-contained air conditioning unit with HEPA filter, or an air conditioner attachment adapted to fit onto a blower and filter assembly. The positions of the condenser air intake and outlet can be field-selected at either the end, the top, or the side, e.g., using a movable plate. The evaporator return inlet can similarly be field-selected at the top, side, or end. The return bypass inlet can be field-selected at the side or top. The room air intake can be connected by a duct either to outside air or to an intake air grille in the ceiling. The air conditioning attachment unit that fits an existing or available ceiling mounted filter and blower assembly has its condenser section on one side of the unit, and its evaporator section at the other side, guiding conditioned air into a centrally situated cool air plenum.