Abstract: Versatile multi-function legs can have different end portions to have either a shorter or a longer length but can otherwise be of identical form. In saw-horse structures, the two lengths, together with panels of different heights and connections between legs and panels, allow a variety of configurations. For folding of such structures, sturdy and reliable pivotal connections are provided through engagement of bearing surfaces of knuckle projections on adjacent legs. For A-frame structures, the legs can provide vertical posts that have openings receiving two lower beams and supporting a third beam at a higher elevation. The legs can also provide horizontal sand rails in A-frame structures. Legs of both lengths can be molded using common sets of tools and allowing a change between lengths to be readily made during a press run.

Abstract: Water purificant methods of the invention are effective to provide optimum media for living cells of microorganisms, fishes, plants, hymenocarps and/or animals in water and/or soils. The methods are applicable to purification of environmental water and water culture, to vegetables, hymenocarps, fishes and shrimps, to soils, to water supply tanks, cooling towers and humidifiers, to water front plants, and to growth and/or protection of prawns as well as for other applications.

Abstract: Seating tiers are used in a stadium to position rows of spectators at progressively higher levels, the tiers having a reverse slope such that each row is closer to a playing field than the next lower row, thereby providing spectators with an excellent view of action on the field. Walkways extend along the fronts of the seats and windows are adjacent the walkways to allow viewing of the field while protecting spectators. Cross-beams support the rows of seats and provide the walkways and are supported between stairway units that are part of a supporting frame structure.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a water purificant effecting as optimum media for microorganisms in hydrosphere and pedosphere and increasing the diversity of microorganisms, fishes, plants and animals. The feature of this invention is comprised of 1 ppm−100% of bittern and acids or bases and/or salts.

Abstract: A warning device includes three components of an orange fluorescent material that carry reflectors of a red reflex reflective material. The components are pivotally connected to be operable to a compact folded condition. In an unfolded operative condition, an attachment structure secures a lower end portion of a first component to the upper edge of a vehicle window. The first component then extends outwardly at a sixty degree angle, a second component then extends horizontally outwardly from the lower end of the first component and the third component then extends inwardly and upwardly and at a sixty degree angle from the outer end of the second component to the upper end of the first component. The device then presents a triangularly shaped area having an outer border defined by the reflectors and an inner border defined by portions of the components. The attachment structure is sturdy and provides a reliable support of the device while being of a small size.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of rechargeable batteries for supply of electrical power. Devices are provided which are highly efficient and which provide accurate and reliable control and indications, while using a small number of component parts and being otherwise readily and economically manufacturable. Devices of the invention are compact and such that they can be readily included, if desired, as integral parts of battery packs such as those used for supplying power to lap-computers and other types of portable equipment.

Abstract: In indicating devices of the invention, a slide member is disposed between two registering rectangular sheets forming a holding member and is guided for relative rectilinear movement in certain embodiments and for relative rotational movement in other embodiments, the position of the slide member relative to the holding member being adjustable according to differences in handicap and to indicate stroke holes on which strokes are to be given by one golfer to another golfer in a accordance with a particular order of handicap order numbers of a golf course. Certain embodiments are designed for use separately from a golf course score card while others include indicia to be usable as golf course score card and to more directly indicate stroke holes.

Abstract: A battery charger has battery terminals connected to a conventional wall outlet through a switching power supply to provide a direct conductive non-isolated path from the supply for direct transformer-less supply of charging current to a battery. Pulse width modulated signals are applied to a MOSFET of the power supply from an output port of a microprocessor which is operates a ramp generator and responds to a comparator circuit coupled to a battery voltage sense circuit and the ramp generator. The microprocessor is programmed to accurately control generation of the pulse width modulated signals, to shut off current when a true voltage peak is reached at a full charge condition, to avoid response to false peaks, to cut off current for short time intervals during voltage measurements, to perform an exponential averaging function and to shut down at excessive battery temperatures or time rates of change of battery temperature.

Abstract: A circuit is disclosed in which the armature and the field winding of a DC motor are respectively connected in series with first and second silicon controlled rectifiers to which controlled pulses are applied to render the rectifiers alternately conducting with a toggling action. A capacitor is connected between terminals of the rectifiers to facilitate the toggling action and a free-wheeling diode is connected in parallel with the field winding to insure that field current is flowing at the same time that armature current is flowing.

Abstract: A device is provided including a pair of base sections adapted to be joined together along a generally vertical plane in approximate alignment with a pipe or other object extending through a roof or supported therein, such sections including a pair of molded plastic-supporting parts and a pair of skirt parts of elastomeric material which have overlapping edge portions and which define a downwardly facing surface secured by an adhesive to the upper surface of roofing material to provide a permanent weathertight seal. A split boot is secured to the upper end of a tubular portion of the base sections and is of a stepped, severable construction for accommodating pipes or other objects of various larger sizes. Lips at the split of the boot are secured together by a channel-shaped metal clip. For smaller objects, a split plug is secured on the upper end of the split boot and has inwardly facing annular serrations for sealing engagement with an object.

Abstract: An ultrasonic system for detection of defects is provided including a pulse-echo instrument having a cathode ray tube on which an A-scan visual indication of flaws is produced and including a doppler circuit arranged to produce a doppler signal in an audible range in response to movement of a transducer relative to defects in a pipe seam or other region being investigated. The doppler signal is applied to earphones, permitting the existence of defects to be reliably determined audibly, after which the defects may be more carefully studied through the visual indications on the cathode ray tube. The doppler signal is also recorded on one track of a magnetic tape with operator's comments being recorded on a second track of the same tape.

Abstract: Demagnetizing methods and apparatus are provided in which a pipe, tube, rod, bar or other elongated part to be demagnetized is moved through the coil assembly to which pulses of current are applied to produce magnetic field pulses of alternating polarity and of substantially constant durations and magnitudes with a substantially constant repetition rate, each current pulse being effective to produce by the end thereof a reversal of the magnetic field in all portions of the part positioned within the confines of the coil assembly and immediately adjacent thereto, the part being moved longitudinally through the coil assembly at a velocity sufficiently low as to effect demagnetization of all portions of the part. The duration of each current pulse is at least 50 milliseconds and most preferably on the order of 0.5 seconds and the velocity of movement is preferably less than two feet per second.

Abstract: A heater element is formed by disposing a pair of heater wires and a pair of thermocouple wires and a powdered mineral material in a metal sheath which is subjected to repeated drawing and annealing operations and is then cut to a desired length after which at one end, the heater wires are welded together and the thermocouple wires are welded to the sheath and the sheath is welded to form a closed end wall. At the opposite end, the heater and thermocouple wires are connected to suitable connection wires. The sheath is formed into a helical coil structure and installed in a runnerless bushing of a plastic molding machine.

Abstract: A system is provided for measuring psychological suggestibility components in which certain physical stimuli are applied to a subject's arm or other body part and the subject's reaction is detected. The arm is supported by three parallel bar members, the intermediate member being stationary and the two outside members being moved downwardly to suggest to the subject a downward movement of his arm. In addition, squeezing forces are applied through a flexible and stretchable element extending from one of the outside members over the arm to the other of the outside members. Also, pointed prongs are movable downwardly against the upper surface of the subject's arm to apply uncomfortable pressure thereto. The vertical position of the subject's arm and vertical movement thereof are indicated by lights energized from contact devices associated with certain of the prongs.

Abstract: The invention relates to energy conversion devices for converting between fluid flow energy and rotational mechanical energy, utilizing "Coriolis" forces which are produced when there is a relative motion velocity non-parallel to an instant rotation axis direction. In one embodiment, two piston members move around in an annular chamber of a housing member journalled on a support member for rotation relative thereto about a first axis extending in a diametral plane of the annular chamber, the support member being journalled for rotation about a second axis intersecting and transverse to the first axis, the second axis being a stationary axis forming the principal axis of rotation. With pressurized fluid applied to move the pistons around, the device operates as an engine. In a second embodiment, means are provided for effecting combustion of an air-fuel mixture within the annular chamber, to provide an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A steam engine is provided including a piston having an upper end portion movable upwardly and downwardly within an internal cylindrical surface of a cylinder, toward and away from a top wall to define a first variable volume space while moving away from and toward annular means in sealing engagement with a lower reduced diameter portion of the piston to define a second variable volume space. A connecting rod has an upper end pivotally connected to the piston and a lower end pivotally connected to a crankshaft. A valve assembly is provided for flow of high pressure steam to the second space and for flow from the first space to an outlet during upward movement of the piston and for flow of steam from the second space to the first space during downward movement of the piston. Preferably, the piston has a lower end portion sealingly engaged with a second internal cylindrical surface of the cylinder to define a third space which is connected through breather passages to the exhaust outlet.