Abstract: A metal combustion promoter is introduced into the circulating inventory of catalyst in the catalytic cracking process to temporarily change the operating mode of the regenerator and decrease the CO content of the flue gas, thus permitting temporary shutdown of the CO-boiler or CO-incinerator, while continuing operation of the catalytic cracking process. The metal combustion promoters are compounds of platinum, iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, or rhenium. The described technique permits rapid shutdown and minimizes the time of operation outside of compliance with local or other ordinances.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with removing metal and sulfur contaminants from residual oil fractions by catalytic contact with two different catalysts in the presence of hydrogen. In this process, the oil is first contacted with the major fraction of a catalyst comprising a Group VIB metal and an iron group metal oxide, such as a mixture of cobalt and molybdenum oxides, composited with an alumina support, the catalyst having at least 60% of its pore volume in pores of 100A to 200A diameter and at least about 5% of its pore volume in pores having a diameter greater than 500A. The oil is then contacted with a secondcatalyst of the high surface-area, cobalt-molybdenum on alumina type having a major fraction of its pores in the 30 to 100A diameter range. Finally, the oil is contacted with the remainder of the large-pore catalyst.

Abstract: By catalytic contact with the crystalline alumino-silicate zeolite, mordenite, having a silica to alumina ratio greater than about 15, methanol and/or methyl ethers are catalytically condensed to a mixture of hydrocarbons including polyalkylated aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The lower monohydric alcohols and their ethers, especially methanol and dimethyl ether, are converted to a hydrocarbon mixture mostly ethylene, propylene and mononuclear aromatics, by co-feeding elemental oxygen and said alcohol and/or ether to a catalytic reactor that contains as catalyst a composite of antimony oxide and a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite such as ZSM-5. Co-feeding elemental oxygen effectively inhibits the elution of antimony from the catalytic reactor.

Abstract: A lower alcohol and/or ether feed is selectively converted to a mixture of light olefins, including ethylene and propylene, by catalytic contact of the feed, for example methanol or dimethyl ether, at subatmospheric partial pressure, with certain crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalysts exemplified by HZSM-5. Low durene-content gasoline or gasoline blending stock are made from methanol or dimethyl ether by this process.

Abstract: A lower alcohol and/or ether feed is selectively converted to a mixture of light olefins, including ethylene and propylene, by catalytic contact of the feed, for example methanol or dimethyl ether, at subatmospheric partial pressure, with certain crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalysts exemplified by HZSM-5.

Abstract: Hydroprocessing a high boiling hydrocarbon feed, such as coker gas oil, containing an aromatic carbon content of at least 35%, thereby reducing the aromatic carbon content level to less than 35% but not less than about 20%, prior to inclusion of this FCC feed component with the remainder of the FCC feed or cracking it alone with a crystalline zeolite aluminosilicate in a catalytic cracking zone.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with removing metal and sulfur contaminants from residual oil fractions by catalytic contact in a novel dual bed system. In this process the oil is first contacted with a catalyst comprising a Group VIB metal and an iron group metal oxide, such as a mixture of cobalt and molybdenum oxides, composited with an alumina support that contains delta or theta phase alumina, the catalyst having at least 60% of its pore volume in pores of 100A to 200A diameter, at least about 5% of its pore volume in pores having a diameter greater than 500A, and a surface area up to about 110m.sup.2 /g. The oil is then contacted with a second catalyst of the high surface-area, cobalt-molybdenum on alumina type. The second catalyst has a major fraction of its pores in the 30 to 100A diameter range.

Abstract: Sulfur is deposited on a solid substrate. Metal compounds containing sulfur reaction products produced when hydrocarbon streams contaminated with the metals are contacted with the sulfur modified substrate are removed by electrophoresis.

Abstract: An olefin is reacted with a source of X free radical in the presence of an ion of manganese, vanadium, or cerium having a valence higher than the lowest valence above the zero valent form of the metal to form derivatives of the olefin that contain one or more functional groups. The free radical X is one that is resistant to substantial oxidation by the ion of the metal and is obtained from ketones, aldehydes, esters, nitriles, nitroparaffins, sulfoxides, thiosulfonic acid esters, alkanesulfonic acids, alkanesulfinic acids, and thiols.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method of regenerating hydroprocessing catalyst. The invention deals with a method of regenerating hydroprocessing catalyst contained within a reactor, said catalyst having been deactivated by "coke" deposition, comprising: passing into an inlet of said reactor, through said catalyst to be regenerated, and out an outlet of said reactor, a stream of substantially inert gases initially containing about 0.1 to 4.0 volume percent oxygen at an initial temperature of about 600.degree. to 1200.degree. F, a pressure of at least about 100 psig and a space velocity of at least about 50 GHSV; and increasing said oxygen concentration to about 1.0 to 10.0 volume % and/or increasing the temperature to about 800.degree. to 1200.degree. F upon detection of oxygen at said outlet of said catalyst containing reactor.

Abstract: In the synthesis of gamma butyrolactones by reaction of an olefin with acetic acid in the presence of a reducible metal ion M of higher-valent form, such as manganic ion Mn.sup.+.sup.+.sup.+, the lactone product is recovered and coincidently therewith the metal ion M, in reduced form, is regenerated to its higher-valent form and recycled.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of catalytically treating lubricating oil base stocks with certain crystalline zeolite catalysts, exemplified by ZSM-5 zeolite, in order to improve the oxidative stability of the base stocks. The treatment is conducted under very mild conditions with minimal loss of lubricant material.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers that thicken reversibly in aqueous solution on alteration of the degree of alkalinity are manufactured by treating an aqueous suspension of protein with the enzymes elaborated extracellularly by a species of the genus Pseudomonas. The water soluble polymers resulting therefrom are biodegradable. They are useful for stabilizing emulsions, as flow-control agents in water base paint, and as anti- redeposition agents in laundry detergents. They are particularly useful as coagulants for colloidal suspensions of solids such as the phosphate slimes byproduct of the large scale hydraulic mining of phosphate deposits. They are also particularly useful as flow control agents in the water flooding process for the recovery of petroleum.

Abstract: An improved process for desulfurization of metals and sulfur containing petroleum oils, preferably those containing residua hydrocarbon components, comprising passing the sulfur containing petroleum oils through a bed of substantially aged desulfurization catalyst at a temperature not less than 770.degree.F preceeding conventional hydrodesulfurization treatment.

Abstract: A catalytic process, employing a novel catalyst, for converting lower monohydric alcohols and their ethers, especially methanol and dimethyl ether, to a hydrocarbon mixture mostly ethylene, propylene and mononuclear aromatics. The novel catalyst is a composite of antimony oxide and a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite such as ZSM-5.

Abstract: The thiosulfate-containing purge stream generated in a Stretford-type process for purifying a hydrogen sulfide contaminated gas stream is treated with phosphoric or sulfuric acid and then with lime to recover vanadate salts, anthraquinone disulfonic acid salts, and alkali, for reuse in the process.

Abstract: A method for the operation of a hydrodewaxing unit wherein a petroleum distillate is separated into two streams, one having a pour point of above about 30.degree.F, and the other having a pour point of less than about 30.degree.F., the 30.degree.F plus pour point fraction is treated in a hydrodewaxing unit with a ZSM-5 type catalyst under hydroprocessing conditions while the 30.degree.F. minus pour point portion is untreated and combined with the hydrodewaxed product. The process yields a net production of hydrogen, and exhibits excellent catalyst aging characteristics.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns the demetalation and desulfurization of metal and sulfur containing petroleum oils, preferably those containing residua hydrocarbon components, through the use of a catalyst comprising a hydrogenating component composited on a refractory base, preferably an alumina, whose pores are substantially distributed over a narrow 180A to 300A diameter range.