Abstract: Large tissue regions are treated using pairs of electrode arrays. The electrode arrays may be concave and disposed in tissue so that their concave portions are opposed to each other. Axial conductors may be provided extending from the arrays and toward each other in order to increase the heating of tissues lying along the axis between the deployed electrode arrays. By properly spacing the electrode arrays apart and selecting the diameters of the arrays, desired volumes of tissue may be treated, typically with a bipolar, radiofrequency current.

Abstract: A method of forming an optically active region on a silicon substrate includes the steps of epitaxially growing a silicon buffer layer on the silicon substrate and epitaxially growing a SiGe cladding layer having a plurality of arrays of quantum dots disposed therein, the quantum dots being formed from a compound semiconductor material having a lattice mismatch with the silicon buffer layer. The optically active region may be incorporated into devices such as light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and photodetectors.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing biofilms are described. The systems and methods are particularly suitable for use with conventional aqueous crossflow filtration systems, such as reverse osmosis systems. The addition of the enzyme/surfactant compound has been found to enhance the effectiveness of conventional crossflow filtration processes by decreasing or inhibiting the growth of biofilms and other contaminants.