Abstract: A metal railing comprises railing sections. Each railing section has an upper hollow handrail, and a lower hollow girder. A center post joins the handrail and the lower girder, and a plurality of filler posts extend between and into the upper handrail and lower girder on each side of the center post. The filler posts are interconnected within the upper handrail and the lower girder by long pins. The railing sections are movably connected to coupling posts or end posts. A cable extends through the upper handrail and is clamped at the coupler posts and at the end posts.

Abstract: The present machine tool comprises a grinding wheel rotatably mounted on a machine bed. A feed advance is movably mounted on the bed, and carries a vertical frame. Head and tail stocks are mounted in the vertical arms of the frame, for supporting a work piece to be moved with the feed advance table into engagement with the grinding wheel. The frame is angularly displaceable on the feed advance table about a vertical axis, to enable variation of the direction of feed with respect to the axis of a work piece mounted between the head and tail stocks.

Abstract: An electronic weighing apparatus, is provided with a load cell which is responsive to the weight of an article being weighed. A preamplifier amplifies the analog output signal from the load cell which is representative of the weight of the article, by a predetermined amplification factor. An analog-to-digital converter converts the amplified weight representing analog output signal into a digital signal representative of the weight. The analog-to-digital converter has an enhanced resolution which may be as high as five times the resolution of a conventional A/D converter. An adder adds a first predetermined digital signal representative of the decimal value "2" to the weight representing digital signal. A divider divides the sum output from the adder by a second predetermined digital signal representative of the decimal value "5".

Abstract: A method and apparatus for deriving mean value signals is disclosed, wherein input signals are compared with signals stored in a first storage device to produce difference signals. These difference signals are added to the signals stored in the first storage device, to produce corrected means value signals, which are in turn stored in a second storage device. The output of the second storage device is transferred to the first storage device, to update the mean value stored in the first storage device.

Abstract: A dialyser with a housing includes a pair of inflow and outflow pipes for ood and dialysis solution, and a tubular ring body formed from a plurality of hollow filaments joined to one another at their ends and positioned in the housing such that one pair of the pipes is in communicating relationship with open ends of the hollow filaments and the other pair of the pipes communicates with the interstices between adjacent filament forming said tubular ring body. The invention also provides a dialyser cartridge and a method of manufacturing such cartridge.

Abstract: An electronic weighing apparatus includes a scale mechanism having a weighing plate for placing thereon an article to be weighed in a package the latter constitutes a tare weight. A slit plate is movably associated with the weight of said article on said weighing plate and has a series of slots equally spaced in the moving direction. A light source is provided at one side of said slit plate. A photodetector is provided at the other side of said slit plate opposite to said light source, whereby a pulse train is generated from said photodetector. The number of pulses in the pulse train is associated with the movement of the slit plate and thus with the weight of said article. A counter for counting the number of pulses of said pulse train provides the weight value and a display displays the weight value in said counter. A balanced state detecting circuit detects that the weighing plate has reached a balanced state.

Abstract: Spherical friction or sliding bearings are produced by first making a laminate from a layer of a thermosetting resin and a layer of material having a low friction coefficient. The thermosetting resin is used to impregnate a first web or fabric. The low friction coefficient material may be provided in the form of a further webbing or fabric, for instance, made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The thermosetting material may, for example, be a phenolic resin which is at this point of manufacture in its A-state and hence tacky. In order to permit the immediate further processing of the laminate with the thermosetting resin still in its tacky A-state, a dry adhesive film which neutralizes the tackiness, is applied to the laminate in sandwich formation which is then cut into pieces or strips of suitable size. The sandwich strips are then placed into a mold and pre-shaped and precision cut at room temperatures while the resin is still in its A-state.

Abstract: A drying apparatus for solid materials such as granulated plastics materials comprise a plurality of conveying channels which are arranged in a stack in which the air travels from the bottom of the stack to the top of the stack. Each conveying channel is formed by air supply ducts in such a manner that the top of a duct simultaneously forms the bottom of the next above conveying channel portion whereas the bottom of a duct forms the top of the conveying channel portion. All channel portions are connected in a meandering shape, whereby the interconnecting elements are curved screens through which air may laterally escape.

Abstract: Track wheels such as railroad wheels are trued or reprofiled by first turning or cutting over only a portion of the tread surface width of each wheel of a set, whereby the cutting depth for this initial turning is smaller than the cutting depth required for the truing. The diameters of the initially turned portions of both wheels of a set are then compared to provide a difference value. The lower diameter wheel is then turned in accordance with the respective lower diameter value. The higher diameter wheel, if any, is also turned in accordance with the lower diameter value plus in accordance with one half of said difference value.

Abstract: A damper for sound conducted or propagating in solids is constructed to ecially damp oscillations or vibrations of the bending type particularly in plates, housings, girders, rails, rods, etc. The damper is connected to the structural member to be damped in such a manner that the damping force is taken up by the structure member itself. For this purpose a damping element having a high rigidity against bending is secured longitudinally to a structural member to be damped. The structural member and the element form the damping unit. Due to the high flexural rigidity, the damping element behaves like a solid platform or a fixed point, such that vibrations of the structural member cause a relative motion between the structural member and the damping element. This relative motion provides excellent damping characteristics which may even be improved by placing a viscous damping material between the structural member and the element.

Abstract: A composite structural member is constructed to take up dynamic loads. A force transmitting element is glued to a force applying element and to a force take-up element to form the composite member. The force transmitting element is a molded blank of cellular polyurethane having an open cell structure throughout. The open cells also extend along the surfaces glued to the force applying element and to the force take-up element. The glue or adhesive used is a moisture curing polyurethane prepolymer capable of penetrating into said open cell structure, thereby greatly increasing the adhesive bond.

Abstract: A continuously operating sugar centrifuge has a centrifugal basket with three stages including a preseparating stage, an intermediate meshing-in and washing stage, and a separating stage proper. The intermediate stage has three zones, namely a first zone without any perforations or screens and with a cylindrical or somewhat inwardly inclined wall, adjacent to the preseparating stage, a second cylindrical or slightly outwardly inclined intermediate zone with a screening area in which the openings take up 2% maximum and a third zone having a wall with a 10.degree. outward inclination at the most which merges into said separating stage and which carries a screen having the largest possible screen openings. A liquid supply device is arranged to feed liquid into the intermediate stage.

Abstract: The present magnetic closure device has one or more holding members and one or more closure members, each with a surface configuration providing an increased frictional force, when two matching surface configurations cooperate. One member is made of permanent magnetic material, while the other member is made of ferromagnetically soft material. The increased frictional force and the magnetic force combine to provide an effective closure device for articles of non-magnetic material, such as leather goods, textiles, and synthetic materials.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for resurfacing a road, the road surface is first plastified and broken-up by first and second separable devices. The broken-up material is immediately distributed on the road surface by the second device, whereby the broken-up material is simultaneously rearranged and profiled or contoured without the introduction of fresh asphalt or bituminous material at this point of time. A road surfacing or repaver apparatus forming a third separate device then introduces fresh asphalt or bituminous material to the broken-up distributed, rearranged and profiled top surface of the road. Preferably, two distributions of the broken-up material are employed prior to the asphalt application and compaction of the broken-up and distributed material and the new asphalt material. A truck supplies fresh asphalt or bituminous material to the repaver.

Abstract: A count control apparatus for controlling a photocopying machine is constructed to be enabled by a copy command signal to effect repetitive photocopying operations and to generate a sheet number pulse for each photocopying operation wherein a desired number of sheets being photocopied by said photocopying machine is preset by a keyboard or the like. The sheet number pulses are counted, the preset number is compared with the count number, and the copy command signal is generated in response to a comparison of the count value with the preset value. Normally the copy command signal is conditioned by a comparison of the count number with the preset number. However the copy command signal is prevented from being conditioned by the comparison in response to a manual changing of the presetting whereby the copy command signal is conditioned in a different manner during the changing of the presetting, whereby a differently conditioned copy command signal is provided.

Abstract: The present turret type television tuner comprises a U-shaped chassis having first and second end walls joined by a side wall. A main channel selecting shaft is supported in said end walls. A toothed index wheel is mounted on the selector shaft adjacent the first end wall. A fine tuning shaft is mounted concentrically around the selector shaft. A fine tuning drive includes a first driving gear mounted concentrically on the fine tuning shaft and a second driving gear mounted on a pivotally mounted member on the second end wall. A coupling clutch permits a fine tuning operation. A torsion bar spring member including a bail portion is mounted on the first and second end walls, whereby a first resilient arm of the spring member extends along the first end wall to engage the toothed index wheel, while a second resilient arm portion extends along said second end wall to engage the selector shaft and bias it against its bearing surfaces.

Abstract: A pump is comprised of a housing within which a rotary piston is rotatably mounted, to define therebetween an annular conveying channel between an inlet port and an outlet port. Annular sealing rings between the piston and housing seal the conveying channel at the periphery of the piston. A stopper extends into the conveying channel in the back flow path, and sealing elements are provided to seal the entire cross section of the back flow paths. Radially movable slides on the piston are resiliently urged into the conveying channel, the radial position thereof being controlled by a cam surface in the housing. The slides are urged radially outwardly by springs, and seals are provided on the piston for sealingly guiding the piston in the radial direction.

Abstract: A vibration damper for damping sound propagating in solids includes vibran damping horn members connected through a damping material to a support point on the surface of the solid in such a manner that a tapering portion of the horn member contacts the solid through the damping material. The taper in a horn member, for example of circular cross section, is considered to be the curvature of the horn member away from a generatrix of the horn member. The damping factor of the connecting damping material is equal or substantially equal to the terminal impedance of the horn member.

Abstract: A method for the slip-free hauling of a rope, or similar, flexible force transmitting element, comprises guiding, moving, and controlling the rope over and/or by ways of a clamping roller or pulley resulting in a looping angle of less than 360.degree.. The rope may be moved and controlled either directly by hand or with a control device. A slip-free hauling apparatus comprises a housing, a clamping pulley, a relative and/or an absolute arresting system, in an operating or control device, a gearing system and a brake clutch. The gearing system is used to step down the force of the rope. The control device is used to modify the slippage of the rope. An auxiliary device initiates and controls the braking, releasing, and arresting of the rope.

Abstract: An aperture card camera is provided with a spraying device for supplying to the exposed film a liquid such as a developer or the like. The liquid is sucked from an open supply container which is under atmospheric pressure. The liquid is then delivered to the developing chamber by a double action membrane pump. The membrane pump may comprise membranes which function as pump membranes and as valve membranes.