Abstract: The invention includes a method for determining an expenditure associated with a network. A method includes obtaining network information associated with a portion of a network, categorizing each of a respective plurality of cells as one of an aggregated cell and a non-aggregated cell, determining an aggregating node configuration for at least one aggregating node associated with at least one base station associated with an aggregated cell, determining a deaggregating node configuration for at least one deaggregating node associated with at least one of the at least one aggregating node, and determining the expenditure according to at least one of the aggregating node configuration and the deaggregating node configuration. The categorization of cells is performed using the network information.

Abstract: A GTP Triggered Message handling capability is provided for enabling handling of GTP Triggered Messages. A GTP Triggered Message including a GTP Sequence Number and an invalid TEID is received, and one of a plurality of processing elements is selected for the GTP Triggered Message based on the GTP Sequence Number of the GTP Triggered Message. The selected one of the processing elements is selected based on a mapping of a group of GTP Sequence Numbers to the selected one of the processing elements. The GTP Triggered Message is propagated toward the selected processing element such that the GTP Triggered Message may be processed by the selected processing element. In this manner, processing of GTP Triggered Messages having invalid TEIDs may be performed by processing elements which typically process GTP Triggered Messages having valid TEIDs, such that GTP Triggered Messages having invalid TEIDs are not required to be processed by a central processing module before being provided to the processing elements.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for activating a base station. A method includes transitioning the base station to a first state in which at least one base station activation activity is performed and RF transmissions are disabled, and transitioning the base station from the first state to a second state in which RF transmissions are enabled. The at least one base station activation activity may include at least one of warming at least one power amplifier, setting at least one base station configuration parameter, establishing GPS synchronization, and other base station activation activities. The base station may transition from the first state to the second state in response to a trigger.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for providing power to a network interface device are disclosed. The apparatus includes a gateway device and a battery back-up and power unit. The battery back-up and power unit provides power to the gateway device, which in turn provides powers to the network interface device.

Abstract: A gateway for mobile access includes a foreign agent that receives user profile data and session state data from a home authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) system of a mobile node, and a dynamic packet filter that performs multi-layer filtering based on the user profile data. The foreign agent transfers a session from a first network to a second network without session interruption, using the session state data, when the mobile node moves from the first network to the second network. The packet filter permits Internet access by the mobile node without passing Internet data requested by the mobile node through the first network.

Abstract: A re-entrant resonant cavity 12 includes a first metallized molded plastic component 18, which comprises a re-entrant stub 17, an end wall 14 and a cylindrical side wall 13. The component 18 is surface mount soldered to a metallized PCB substrate 19. A rostrum 24 is located facing the end face 21 of the stub 17 to define a capacitive gap 22 with it. The end face 21 of the stub 17 and the rostrum 24 are configured such that relative rotation between them changes the profile of the gap 22 and hence the gap capacitance. By suitably locating the two parts during manufacture, a particular capacitance may be chosen to give a desired resonance frequency from a selection available depending on the relative angular position of the stub 17 and rostrum 24. In another cavity, the rostrum is replaced by an etched metallization layer of a printed circuit board.

Abstract: Variable optical attenuator (VOA) formed by disposing upon a substrate a waveguide, a p-type region and an n-type region about the waveguide, and an epi-silicon region disposed upon the waveguide, the VOA responsive to a bias current to controllably inject carriers into the waveguide to attenuate thereby optical signal propagating through the waveguide.

Abstract: A method and system for selecting at a terminal at least one of a plurality of available access networks for use with a wireless application invoked at the terminal according preferences associated with the wireless application, the network service provider, the subscriber, the subscriber subscription and application content provider. The selection may be constrained by an Application Policy received from a network service provider.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for transmitting packets in a network comprising a plurality of nodes. A method includes encapsulating a packet intended for at least one of the nodes where the packet is encapsulated using a bit set, comparing the bit set of the packet and a bit mask of an interface, and forwarding the packet over the interface in response to a determination that the comparison of the bit set and the bit mask indicates that one of the nodes for which the packet is intended is the same as one of the nodes available from the interface. The bit set and bit mask each include bit positions associated with the respective plurality of nodes. The bit positions of the bit set and bit mask identify each of the at least one of the nodes for which the packet is intended and each of the nodes available from the interface, respectively.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus providing call admission control for a wireless local area network (WLAN). A method includes extracting call signaling information from call signaling messages exchanged between a first user terminal and a second user terminal for establishing a voice call, where the second user terminal is being served by a wireless access point, and propagating a quality-of-service request toward the wireless access point which may be used by the wireless access point for determining whether or not to accept the voice call. The quality-of-service request includes at least one quality-of-service parameter determined using the extracted call signaling information. The at least one quality-of-service parameter is adapted for use by the wireless access point for determining whether or not to accept the voice call.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for delivering audible, electrical or mechanical tones having a specific characteristic to a human vestibular system to achieve thereby a therapeutic result.

Abstract: A method and system for maximizing wavelength reuse in an optically protected wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) network, the WDM network supporting a plurality of service connections, includes associating service connections supported by non-overlapping paths to form respective service channel groups, and for each service channel group, assigning at least one common wavelength channel for establishing the service connections. In addition, for each of said groups, at least one common wavelength channel is assigned for establishing a shared protection path for the service connections of each of said groups. In addition, the wavelength channels assigned for establishing the shared protection paths for each of the groups may be used for providing service connections for the WDM network when not in use as shared protection paths. However such provisional service connections are dropped when the wavelength channels are needed to establish shared protection paths.

Abstract: A method of dynamic resource allocations in wireless network is disclosed. The method provides that a base station in the network allocates resources to users independently of other base stations and without resource planning. Resource allocations are done based at least in part on a local optimization objective and a channel quality indicator from one or more users, and result in efficient resource reuse.

Abstract: A digital signal processor (DSP) operating within, for example, an optical receiver wherein the DSP processes complex sample streams derived from a modulated optical signal, the DSP configured to perform a method of acquiring an intermediate frequency (IF) signal from within the received optical signal, the method comprising: processing at least one block of complex sample stream symbols using a frequency locked loop (FLL) to achieve an initial constellation lock condition, the FLL having a nominal lock-in spectral region; if an initial constellation lock condition is not achieved within a predetermined amount of time, shifting the spectral region processed by the FLL to a spectral region proximate a current operating spectral region.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for synchronizing line card forwarding databases. A method includes receiving a data packet at a line card, generating a control packet for each of at least one other line card to enable an address update operation thereat, and propagating the at least one control packet toward the at least one other line card. The control packet, or packets, is generated in response to a determination to perform an address update operation for the received data packet. The address update process may be implemented as an ingress address update process or an egress address update process. This address update process performed in conjunction with an address aging process.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for transporting a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) frame over a communication link. In the egress direction of communication, a method includes encapsulating the MPLS frame within a Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) frame, forming an augmented frame by adding at least one Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) header field to the GFP frame, and transmitting the augmented frame over the communication link. In the ingress direction of communication, a method includes receiving an augmented frame over a communication link, removing at least one Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) header field from the augmented frame to extract thereby a Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) frame, and decapsulating the MPLS frame from within the GFP frame.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for providing multimedia content. The method includes receiving, at a network element having a first buffer, a data stream conveying a media clip having an associated media bit rate, the media clip intended for transmission toward a wireless terminal having a second buffer, and transmitting the data stream toward the wireless terminal at a media transmission rate determined according to a data rate supported by a radio access network over which the data stream is transmitted toward the wireless terminal. The buffers bridge a mismatch between the media bit rate and media transmission rate. The wireless terminal may select one of a plurality of presentation modes, where the selected presentation mode controls streaming of the media clip to the wireless terminal and presentation of the media clip at the wireless terminal.

Abstract: Communication network including a source and a switch for receiving and forwarding data packets originating from the source, wherein the network includes at least two mutually different routing paths between the source and the switch, wherein the switch includes at least two incoming ports for receiving the data packets originating from the source, wherein the switch is arranged to discard for a period of time any data packet originating from the source at the first one of the at least two incoming ports upon receiving a data packet originating from the source at the second one of the at least two incoming ports after receiving a data packet originating from the source at the first one of the at least two incoming ports.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for providing secure remote access to enterprise networks. An apparatus includes a network interface module adapted for maintaining a secure network connection with a network device independent of a power state of a host computer associated with the apparatus a storage module for storing information associated with the secure connection, and a processor coupled to the network interface and the memory where the processor is adapted for automatically initiating the secure connection without user interaction.

Abstract: A method for creating a multi-level enmeshed structure is provided. The multi-level enmeshed directory structure of the present embodiments contain objects described by multiple object descriptors, which can be thought of as tags. Each object can be accessed by any one of the descriptors that describe the object and the descriptors of an object are also accessible.