Abstract: A method for reducing evaporation of a liquid reagent solution during solid phase, micro-scale chemical synthesis of a molecule comprising sub-units on an open environment solid support surface. The method includes the steps of providing an open solid support surface including at least one binding site which is functionalized with a reactive chemical moiety; and depositing a substantially controlled and minute volume of liquid reagent solution onto the support surface, and in contact with the binding site. The reagent solution includes reactants contained in at least one relatively high boiling point solvent, in contrast to standard organic solvents for such reagents. Application of a high boiling point solvent substantially reduces evaporation of the reagent solution in the open environment during synthesis on the solid support while enabling the maintenance of a substantially high reaction yield.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatus and methods for making arrays of functionalized binding sites on a support surface. The invention further provides apparatus and methods for sequencing oligonucleotides and for identifying the amino acid sequence of peptides that bind to biologically active macromolecules, by specifically binding biologically active macromolecules to arrays of peptides or peptide mimetics.

Abstract: A method for reducing evaporation of a liquid reagent solution during solid phase, micro-scale chemical synthesis of a molecule comprising sub-units on an open environment solid support surface. The method includes the steps of providing an open solid support surface including at least one binding site which is functionalized with a reactive chemical moiety; and depositing a substantially controlled and minute volume of liquid reagent solution onto the support surface, and in contact with the binding site. The reagent solution includes reactants contained in at least one relatively high boiling point solvent, in contrast to standard organic solvents for such reagents. Application of a high boiling point solvent substantially reduces evaporation of the reagent solution in the open environment during synthesis on the solid support while enabling the maintenance of a substantially high reaction yield.

Abstract: The present invention features a method for isolating and purifying viruses, proteins and peptides of interest from a plant host which is applicable on a large scale. Moreover, the present invention provides a more efficient method for isolating viruses, proteins and peptides of interest than those methods described in the prior art. In general, the present method of isolating viruses, proteins and peptides of interest comprises the steps of homogenizing a plant to produce a green juice, adjusting the pH of and heating the green juice, separating the target species, either virus or protein/peptide, from other components of the green juice by one or more cycles of centrifugation, resuspenion, and ultrafiltration, and finally purifying virus particles by such procedure as PEG-precipitation or purifying proteins and peptides by such procedures as chromatography and/or salt precipitation.

Abstract: The present invention features a method for isolating and purifying viruses, proteins and peptides of interest from a plant host which is applicable on a large scale. Moreover, the present invention provides a more efficient method for isolating viruses, proteins and peptides of interest than those methods described in the prior art. In general, the present method of isolating viruses, proteins and peptides of interest comprises the steps of homogenizing a plant to produce a green juice, adjusting the pH of and heating the green juice, separating the target species, either virus or protein/peptide, from other components of the green juice by one or more cycles of centrifugation, resuspension, and ultrafiltration, and finally purifying virus particles by such procedure as PEG-precipitation or purifying proteins and peptides by such procedures as chromatography and/or salt precipitation.