Abstract: A test device for testing an electronic board assembly with an exposed surface area with electrical connection locations to be contacted for testing includes a probe (32, 45) and a drive system for positioning the probe in orthogonal X and Y directions parallel with the surface area. The drive system includes a probe drive (11) for positioning the probe to contact a selected sub-area of the surface area, the probe drive being movable in all movement coordinates independently of any other probe drives in said test device. The sub-area is selected to include component locations (34) on the board assembly. Several probe drives (11) and several probes can be used at one time, each drive having a probe (13). The probe drives are supported so that the probes (13) can be moved to contact sub-areas adjacent to each other. The probe is an elongated needle with a contact tip and is mounted for pivotal movement.

Abstract: The inventive method bases on a consequent realization of the following two conditions: firstly on the consequent separation of the “immaterial or virtual sphere” of information from the “material or real sphere” of the paper and secondly on the consequent standardization of the printed information to a form such that a further processing after printing is not necessary. The consequent separation between information (immaterial sphere) and paper (material sphere) leads to an irreversible combination of the two only in the location where and at the time when the printed information is delivered to the ordering end-customer (reader) in form of a commodity unit, i.e. when contents, location and time of such a commodity unit are defined by the ordering customer. The advantage is that information can be recorded and organized considerably faster and in particular can be copied and transported considerably more simply in the immaterial sphere than this is the case in material sphere.

Abstract: A venting cap (1) has a cavity (7), at least one first passage (4) for fluids connecting the cavity (7) with the inside of the container, at least one second passage (5.1, 5.2, 5) for fluids connecting the cavity (7) with the outside of the container, and a liquid-absorbing mass (8) arranged within the cavity (7). The liquid-absorbing mass (8) acts, after absorption of liquid, as a selective filter prohibiting the passage of liquid, but permits the passage of gas. This ensures the foolproof selective permeation of gas but not of liquid. Venting properties remain unaltered even at extreme conditions of transportation and storage.

Abstract: Liquefaction of sludgy to compact sediments (3) in vessels (1) in which crude oil (2) is stored and/or transported uses injecting a liquid above the sediment surface with nozzles (11) so that the sediment is at least partly liquified or dissolved in the liquid such that it can be removed from the vessel (1) together with the liquid. A substantially horizontally flowing liquid current which can be closed on itself is created above the sediment surface by directing the injection through all nozzles (11) such that the injection direction has a horizontal component which is oriented tangentially to a current line of the liquid current being created and is oriented in the flowing direction. The injected liquid is crude oil or a refinery product and differs from the lowest levels above the sediment in that it comprises a smaller share of heavy components.

Abstract: A continuous flow heater has an elastic, flexible or rigid pipe (10) which is movably mounted and a heat source (6). When a liquid flowing through the pipe is heated in the pipe interior (1), undesired scale tends to be deposited on the interior of the pipe walls. To prevent or remove this deposit, the pipe (10) is moved and/or deformed by an internal overpressure or by application of external forces, causing the deposits to be detached from the pipe inner walls and carried away by the fluid flow. The overall pipe (10) can have an inner pipe (2), inner insulating layers (3-5), a filament (6) and external insulating layers (7-9).

Abstract: A test method for verifying proper connection of a CMOS IC uses measurements of a transistor within the IC which can be done with a conventional transistor tester. The transistor has its base connected to a ground pin of the IC, its collector connected to a signal pin of the IC, and its emitter connected to another signal pin of the IC. A second collector of the transistor is connected to a supply voltage pin. The method uses a first step in which suitable voltages are applied to the emitter, base and first collector to turn the transistor on, whereupon the first collector current and second collector voltage are measured. In a second step, the same voltages are applied to the emitter and base as were applied in the first step and a voltage is applied to the second collector which is equal to the voltage measured there in the first step.

Abstract: An identification medium with passive electronic data carrier and contactless, encoded communication with an associated read and write station (WR) has in a memory (42) a data organization with a common data field (CDF), with invariable, uncopiable master data (44), with a segmentable application data field (ADF), in which several independent applications can be written in application segments S1, S2, S3). A hierarchical authorization system (A) valid for all the identification media (IM-S) and all the read and write stations (WR) is established, with which each identification medium (IM-S) must be initialized and which ensures the mutual uninfluenceability of all the independent applications.

Abstract: A printed product (70) is produced from a plurality of product parts (71, 73, 75) consisting each of a plurality of sheets folded inside each other, by collating the folded product parts in a stack and by stitching the stack along a stitching line running parallel to the spine of the product with a distance from the spine chosen such that the innermost sheet of each product part is fixed by the stitching. Between the product parts (71, 73, 75) and/or on the outer sides of the stack of product parts, additional products (72, 74) and/or cover leafs or cover sheets may be added and fixed to the product parts with the same stitching.

Abstract: A surface for contact with a fluid, flowing in a flow direction (A) over the surface, is provided with grooves (1) to prevent flow separations at low, local Reynolds numbers. The grooves extend between an upstream-directed, closed groove entrance and a downstream-directed, open groove exit and are inclined to the flow direction (A), at least in the vicinity of the groove entrance.

Abstract: A clasp fastener having a clasp (1) is designed to be snapped into engagement by exerting a closing force. A locking device (4) for locking the clasp (1) is placed by the closing force in an engaged position in which it is in a first snap engagement with a locking projection (6), and a closing member (5) for closing the clasp (1) is fixed by the closing force in a safety position in which it is in a second snap engagement with the locking device (4) so that the snapping force of the first engagement of the clasp (1) with the locking projection (6) is increased. At least one variable-diameter pin (17,18) that is flexible and/or has different diameters allows some movement of the locking device (4), so that the effective closing force exerted on the locking projection (6) is reduced.

Abstract: In a method for producing a predetermined sequence of printed products with varying contents and varying numbers of pages, the pages of a printed product of the sequence are printed onto both sides of a quasi-endless paper web [P] in the form of at least one row of juxtaposed printed pages. The pages of the next printed product in the sequence are then printed in the same manner. The paper web is folded perpendicular to its length in alternating directions between the pages to be printed, or the printed pages, before or after printing. The web is then separated or brought into an easily separable condition along lines perpendicular to its length between groups of printed pages forming successive printed products. A sequence of Leporello-shaped printed products [5] is produced which can be further processed into differently shaped products.

Abstract: A measuring device for determining the oxygen partial pressure in human brain tissue has a probe (5) with a tube (7) of tissue-compatible plastic material in a measuring region surrounding an electrolyte-filled volume (8). Immersed in the electrolyte, which contains acetate, is a polaragraphic cathode (11) with a limited exposed surface and an anode (13). The tube is oxygen permeable in the measuring region. The electrodes are electrically connected to a measuring apparatus which applies a DC voltage at a first polarity to the electrodes (11, 13) and determines a measuring current using a measuring amplifier. A regenerating device causes the electrodes to be supplied with a regenerating voltage reversed from the first polarity for times and at current magnitudes based on the measurement current and duration.

Abstract: A bipolar endoscopic instrument has a tubular stem fitted at its distal end with two arms pivotally supported on a shaft. The arms are pivoted by actuating an axially displaceable push/pull element mounted in the stem. The arms are connected through mutually electrically insulated leads to the terminals of a high-frequency power source, the shaft having two mutually insulated, electrically conductive segments each electrically connected to one of the electrical leads and the arm associated with this lead.

Abstract: The method serves for dynamically compensating the offset voltage of a Hall device. The Hall device can have either a platelike structure with at least two contact pairs, or any other arrangement deriveable by conformal mapping. The contact pairs are angled by e.g. 90.degree.. Each pair is supplied with a periodically alternating current whereby the phase shift of the supply currents corresponds to the spatial phase shift of the contact pairs and is e.g. 90.degree.. Superposition of the supplied currents results in a continuously spinning current vector in the Hall device. By measuring simultaneously the voltages between corresponding terminals, a signal consisting of the Hall voltage and a periodic offset voltage can be isolated. The offset voltage is eliminated by averaging the signal over at least one period.

Abstract: A plastic case for an electronic device such as a wrist or pocket watch, has a bottom (1), a cover glass (2) and a support body (3), as well as a dial (6). The support body (3) serves as a base for the dial (6). The bottom (1) and cover glass (2) are fixed to the support body (3) by means of irreversible connections (7, 8). The irreversible connections have first self-locating structures (7) for irreversibly attaching the bottom (1) to a lower portion of the support body (3), and second self-locating structures (8) for irreversibly attaching the cover glass (2) to an upper portion of the support body (3) so that the support body (3) lies between the cover glass (2) and the bottom (1). The support body (3) can have attachments (12) for fitting holders such as a bracelet or chain or holders can be formed on the support body (3).

Abstract: An endoscopic surgical device has a tubular shaft and an instrument carrier inside and moveable relative to the tubular shaft. A switch mechanism with which the device may be selectively switched into different operational states is coupled to movement of the instrument carrier.

Abstract: A method with which multi-leaf printed products (50) are produced which printed products consist of a plurality of sheets folded inside each other. Especially if this kind of printed products are to be produced from a plurality of product parts, groups of loosely superimposed sheets or sheets loosely folded inside each other are to be manipulated. This manipulation is facilitated by producing intermediate products or product parts (30, 30') respectively which are easier to handle. They consist of an outer sheet (31, 31') with a first fold (34, 34') and of inner sheets (32) all sheets (31/32, 31'/32') being folded a second time in a second fold (33, 33') perpendicular to the first fold (34, 34'). The product parts (30, 30') are especially suitable for a further processing by collecting or inserting because they can be opened easily in the middle. The increased stability of the product parts in which the individual sheets hardly shift relative to each other also have advantages when collated.

Abstract: Discrete lengths of a web (1) of sample bags are each arranged in a container in an ordered manner such that each web can be removed from its container (13) without additional aids by pulling on a head end (A) of the web length, and so that the tail end (E) of each such web length can also be gripped without changing the web arrangement in the container and independently of the fullness of the container. For feeding sample bags into a processing station, a first container is positioned in the region of the feeding location and the head end (A) of the web length is pulled out of its container and led to a feeding mechanism of the processing station. During the feeding of the first web length of bags into the processing, further containers are formed into a series of containers by connecting the tail end (E) of the web in one container to the head end (A) of a web length in the following container.

Abstract: A sequence of documents is delivered to an optical scanner in which each document is scanned to form a digital image representation of the content of the document. The image representation is automatically examined by data processing apparatus to select search words which meet predetermined criteria and by which the document can be subsequently located. The search words are stored in a non-volatile memory and the entire document content is stored in mass storage in image form. A font table is established and images of entered search words are constructed from the table. Unrecognized or imperfectly formed ambiguous characters are stored with the font table and are used in the construction of search words to eliminate text editing or are stored with converted characters of search words. The approach can also be used to eliminate editing of full text-converted data bases during input.

Abstract: The device according to the invention is used for conducting a fluid between a space at least partly bounded by a solid surface through which a fluid can flow and a duct, a high surface continuity of the fluid flow through the surface being achieved with a relatively small differential pressure. The device comprises a coarsely porous shaped part (3), which has on the surface areas through which a flow is to take place a finely porous surface layer (4). The pores of the surface layer (4) are open at the surface and progress continuously into the shaped part (3). The shaped part (3) and surface layer (4) together form a one-piece part of a cured plastic, in that in the vicinity of the shaped part are incorporated larger particles and in the vicinity of the surface layer (4) smaller particles, e.g. aluminium particles, in such a way that the particles represent a larger proportion of the weight than the plastic.