Abstract: Disclosed is an arrangement that includes a piston cylinder unit having pressure chamber in which fluid acts in opposition to a spring piston combination, a pressure generator and a fluid conduit extending between a tank and the tank. A first and a second valve are connected in series between the pressure generator and tank with the pressure chamber being in fluid communication with the connection between the valves. In known arrangements of the above type there is dead play wherein not every control signal corresponds to a defined position of the piston in the cylinder. However as disclosed herein the setting accuracy is improved by a throttle in parallel with valve that is fluidly connected between the pressure chamber and the piston cylinder unit. Also third and fourth valves may be connected in series between the pressure generator and tank and have a fluid connection between the third and fourth valves to the unit pressure chamber that is opposite the first chamber to provide a bridging circuit.

Abstract: A control valve is opened (moved from its neutral position) by rotation of a steering wheel to conduct fluid from a pump to a steering meter device that controls the amount of fluid fed to a steering motor arrangement. When the steering motor piston has been displaced by a distance corresponding to the angle of rotation of the steering wheel, the control valve is moved by the steering meter device from its opened condition to its neutral position. A pilot valve controlled actuating device is provided to short circuit the steering meter device to permit continued fluid flow from the pump to the steering motor device and provide a mechanical braking force to the meter device to block rotation thereof and thereby the movement of the control valve to its neutral position. The braking mechanism is resiliently urged to a non-braking position.

Abstract: A data projection system in which a data projector having a data display memory associated therewith projects images to a viewing screen. The system includes a curved or nonplanar viewing screen and computer software effective to provide viewing fidelity by compensating for inaccuracies of the viewing screen.

Abstract: A thermostat top part is mounted to a valve housing for rotation relative thereto and is axially removably secured thereto. The thermostat top part has a retaining ring surrounding and rotatable relative to a hollow cylindrical base foot. A clamping element is mounted by the base foot for radial movement between a position abutting against a clamping face of the valve housing that is tapered axially toward the housing abutment face in a radial inward direction for retaining the top part on the valve housing and a radial outward position permitting the thermostat top part being axially removed from the valve housing. A torsion spring resiliently urges the retainer ring to rotate in a direction for moving the clamping element radially inwardly.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the use of genetic learning techniques to evolve neural network architectures for specific applications in which a general representation of neural network architecture is linked with a genetic learning strategy to create a very flexible environment for the construction of custom neural networks.

Abstract: A housing mounts an input shaft with a clutch flange thereon, and an output shaft with an annular friction member thereon to divide the housing clutch chamber into two separate operating chambers. A brake ring has a first friction face facing the friction lining of the friction member while the friction member has a second friction lining facing the clutch flange. The friction member is axially displaceable a limited amounted by a compressible fluid for controlling the movement of the friction linings axially between the linings and into engagement with one of the brake member and the clutch flange. Each of the clutch flange and the brake ring has an annular groove concentric to the coextensive axes of the shafts that opens to the axially adjacent friction lining.

Abstract: The expansion valve has an inlet connection fluidly connected to a main valve while the main valve is fluidly connected through an outlet connection to the inlet of the evaporator of a refrigeration system. The main valve has a housing that includes a main valve chamber and a valve seat for fluidly connecting the inlet connection to the main valve chamber and a valve member movable between an open position and blocking fluid flow through the valve seat from the inlet connection to the valve chamber. A pressure operated servo arrangement is disposed in the main valve chamber for controlling the movement of the valve element and opens to the pressure outlet of a pilot valve arrangement. The pilot valve arrangement is disposed in a branch path that opens to inlet connection and to the valve chamber downstream of the valve set for controlling the fluid pressure at the pressure outlet.

Abstract: The torque meter has a shaft with a reduced diameter intermediate portion with a sleeve that at its axial opposite ends is in fixed axial and rotational relation thereto. The sleeve intermediate portion has circumferentially extending lugs that are joined to the sleeve end portions. The lugs circumferentially opposite their juncture to the sleeve end portion mount an armature. The rotation of the sleeve ends relative to one another axially displaces the armature and changes an electric or magnetic field. At least one coil is in fixed axial and rotational relationship to the sleeve for detecting a change in the field for measuring the torque.

Abstract: An electric unit with a plurality of electric circuit elements is manufactured to connect terminals of the electric circuit elements directly using flexible conductors and the entire electric unit is covered by a deformable and contractile tube. Entrance and exit of conductors for connecting the electric unit and an external electric circuit are sealed with waterproof synthetic resin in a watertight manner. At least a portion of the electric circuit unit is capable of being bent. The electric unit can be applied to electric appliances having various shapes and further be easily mounted in a space, for example, such as a corner of the electric appliance even if the available space is curved.

Abstract: Hydraulic steering mechanism is extended through an aperture in an end wall in a housing that has a pressure chamber, the steering mechanism including a slide rotatable with the steering column. An axial bearing is mounted by the end wall for rotatably mounting the steering mechanism while the aperture axially opposite end portion mounts a sealing ring between the housing and the steering mechanism. Axially between the sealing ring and the bearing there is a pressure reduction ring providing an annular gap with the slide for throttling the flow of fluid from the pressure chamber to a fluid collecting chamber that at least in part is defined by the pressure reduction and sealing rings. Fluid can flow from the collecting chamber through a housing outlet. The pressure reduction ring has an enlarged diameter flange for sealingly engaging the end wall and being clamped between the wall and the axial bearing.

Abstract: An inverter circuit which converts d.c. from a d.c. source to single or multiple phase a.c.. Two semiconductor switching elements for each phase are connected in series between two poles of a d.c. source. A signal generator provides a pulse width modulated signal for operating the switching elements. Blocking elements are provided between the signal generator and the switching elements. A control circuit senses current flow at the a.c. output and selectively enables the blocking elements in accordance with the direction of the current flow to prevent short circuiting between the switching elements.

Abstract: For reducing the unwanted escape (dripping) of oil from a burner nozzle, nozzle holder, oil warmer apparatus is provided to continuously regulate the oil temperature during operation of a oil fired heating system to maintain a nearly constant oil volume in the nozzle holder, oil warmer unit. The apparatus includes a pair of oil pipes that are encapsulated and connected between the nozzle and pump connections, there being a pair of heating elements that are also encapsulated for heating the oil pipes. The first heating element is permanently energized during the operation of the heating system while the second heating element is energized only when oil is being feed to the burner nozzle.

Abstract: A stepped piston is axially displaceable in the stepped piston valve chamber and has a front face facing the front face of the valve seat and an axially opposite surface formed at the juncture of its piston head portion to its reduced diameter shaft portion. The piston has an axial through-bore that opens to fluid connecting bore in the valve housing while the housing has a second fluid connecting bore. The piston is displaceable in the chamber between an open position permitting substantial fluid flow between the connecting bores and a closed position having its front face resting against the valve seat face to permit a leakage flow gap between the faces when pressurized fluid acts against the piston surface and block substantial fluid flow between the first bore and the second bore. A spring in the chamber urges the piston toward its closed position.

Abstract: The flow meter works on the Coriolis principle and has a measuring tube and at least two energy converters. At least one of the energy converters is an oscillation exciter for oscillating the tube to generate a wave traveling along the tube and an oscillation detector. An evaluating circuit uses the speed of travel of waves in the direction of flow of fluid through the tube and in the direction opposite the direction of flow to determine the mass flow of fluid through the tube.

Abstract: The measuring tube is for an electromagnetic flow meter and has a tube member made of a non-magnetic material that is provided with opposite through passages that have electrodes extended therethrough. An insulating lining of an enamel priming layer coats the inner surface of the tube member and fills the gaps between the electrodes and the tube member surfaces defining the through passages, the lining also including an covering enamel layer covering the priming layer surface that is within the tube member interior. The end faces of the electrodes that are in the tube member interior have the enamel material cleared therefrom. The priming layer may be formed by filling the tube member with a priming enamel slip, pouring out the slip material, cleaning the electrode end surfaces that are within the tube member interior and then heating to melt the slip material and then cooling. The covering layer may be formed by the same steps.

Abstract: The apparatus functions for monitoring small leakages in order to activate an alarm in the event that there has been more than a predetermined volume of small leakage through the water taps or other part of the system and to automatically turn off a main valve if flow continues therethrough more than a predetermined time and will allow the main valve to open if the discharge of fluid is temporary stopped. The system includes a main valve having a valve seat and a shunt circuit that bridges the valve seat. The shunt circuit includes a volume flow meter and a shunt valve for blocking fluid flow through the circuit. The main valve opens only when the volume in the shunt path exceeds a predetermined value. The shunt circuit includes a throttle that when fluid flows therethrough, provides a pressure drop in the shunt circuit which results in the main valve diaphragm opening when the shunt circuit predetermined value is exceeded.

Abstract: The magnetic valve includes a magnetic coil, at least one valve seat, a valve shank surrounded by a valve plate member and movable upon energizing of the coil to move the surrounding valve plate member away from the valve seat to permit fluid flow therethrough, and a resetting spring for resiliently retaining the valve member in a position for blocking fluid flow through the valve seat when the coil is deenergized. The spring action acting upon the valve plate member moves the valve shank away from the coil upon denergization of the coil. The valve plate member is movable relative to the shank and includes an annular resilient metal plate that has radial inwardly extending teeth and a coating of elastic plastic sprayed on to the plate to leave at least part of the teeth uncoated.

Abstract: The method and apparatus is directed to monitoring a fluid conduit system for leaks, particularly a leakage flow of less than 25 liters per hour. After closing a main valve that fluidly connects a fluid source to the conduit system, the time is measured for the pressure in the conduit system to drop to a predetermined first value. Upon reaching the first value a shunt valve is opened and the time is measured for the pressure to rise to a second predetermined value. The leakage flow is calculated from the two measured times and the two pressures together with known constants for the control system. In place of providing the shunt valve the main valve may be partially opened. Controls for the valves are provided together with evaluating apparatus for determining the leakage volume.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protective circuit for the induction coil of a magnetically inductive type flow meter. If the leads of a flow meter used in an explosive environment are cut there can occur a high voltage and resulting sparking which could cause an explosion. The invention provides a circuit in which a short circuit path is provided for the induction coil if the leads thereof are severed to prevent the development of a high voltage which could cause dangerous sparking.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a steeped axially displaceable piston in a stepped cylinder housing, and a rotary shaft is axial fixed relative to the housing and extends into the piston reduced diameter end portion. The piston reduced diameter portion and the housing having a cooperating set of first teeth while the piston and shaft have a cooperating set of second teeth whereby at least one set of the teeth serve to convert axial movement of the piston into rotary motion of the shaft. The shaft is supported in the housing adjacent where it exits from the housing by a first bearing while a second bearing is provide radial adjacent to the juncture of the housing enlarged and reduced diameter portions that supports the interior end portion of the shaft in the piston reduced diameter portion. A third radial bearing is provided between the enlarged diametric portion and the piston enlarged diametric portion in axial remote relationship to the first bearing.