Abstract: The present invention provides a method and compositions for species identification from small samples of fish tissue. The method includes the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify regions of the mitochondrial genome from total cellular DNA with species-specific primers and subsequent analysis of the PCR products. The method provides an accurate and rapid determination of the species of origin for a single egg of processed caviar. Compositions for PCR primers specific for 27 species of sturgeon are provided.