Abstract: An apparatus and method for precooling a mass to be cooled to a final low temperature by immersion in a cryogenic liquid, e.g. liquefied helium. The gaseous phase of the cryogenic liquid is cooled by heat exchange with a cryogenic liquid having a higher boiling point than the cryogenic liquid within which the mass is to be immersed. The cooled gaseous phase is circulated through a vessel containing the mass, recovered, recooled and recirculated until the mass and its containment vessel are at the desired precooling temperature. Thereafter cryogenic liquid can be introduced into the vessel to immerse the mass.

Abstract: Described are aqueous emulsions of active amino groups-displaying epoxide adduct hardeners for curing epoxy resin systems, which are obtained by converting an aqueous solution of a conventional hardener, which contains reactive amino groups and can emulsify the epoxy resin used for adduct formation, under increase of the amine-H-equivalent weight, to an emulsion by mixing with an epoxy resin having a functionality of 1,2-3,5. The viscosity generally is 5 to 40 Pa.s. The values lie on an emulsion viscosity curve with a rising and falling viscosity profile. The hardeners are especially suitable for curing aqueous epoxy resin systems and for application together with epoxy resins as additive for hydraulic binders such as cement.

Abstract: A cementitious composition comprising 0.1 to about 7.5 percent by weight of a solid residual oxidation product from the combustion of an aqueous emulsion of a naturally occurring asphalt from the Orinoco Belt of Venezuela which contains from about 100 to about 1500 ppm by weight of magnesium in the form of a water soluble magnesium salt, which product from the combustion contains magnesium sulfate present in the amount of from about 0.05 to about 4 percent by weight of the cementitious composition and from about 92.5 to about 99.95 percent by weight of a hydraulic silicate cement material.

Abstract: A process for preparing triethylenediamine by passing an ethanolamine, ethyleneamine, piperazine or morpholine over a pentasil-type zeolite at elevated temperature characterized by employing a ZSM-5 zeolite in the hydrogen or ammonium form which has been pretreated with an aqueous solution of a chelating agent capable of forming a chelate-aluminum complex.

Abstract: A process for preparing triethylenediamine by passing an ethanolamine, ethyleneamine, piperaziHe or morpholine over a pentasil-type zeolite at elevated temperature characterized by employing a ZSM-5 zeolite in the hydrogen or ammonium form which has been pretreated with an aqueous caustic solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the production of polyvinyl alcohol containing keto-ester groups wherein a polymer containing polyvinyl alcohol units is contacted with a compound having keto-ester forming groups under conditions for forming keto-ester groups on the polymer. The improvement in the process comprises:contacting a solid polymer containing vinyl alcohol units with a liquid phase acetoacetate of the formula: ##STR1## where R is chosen independently from alkyl groups under conditions for converting the alcohol functionality to the keto ester form; and then, removing unreacted acetoacetate forming group and volatile byproduct alcohol from the solid polymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for storing and transporting toluenediamine, particularly for long term storage or storage in large containers, e.g., shipboard containers. The improvement in the process resides in substantially reducing the melting or freezing point of anhydrous toluenediamine obtained by the fractional distillation of a reaction product generated by the hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene. Such melting point reduction is accomplished by maintaining a water concentration in the toluenediamine in an amount of from 5 to 15% by weight under molten conditions for storage and transport. Preferably the level of water maintained in the toluenediamine is from about 7 to 10% by weight.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyurethane foam which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate and a polyol in the presence of a blowing agent, a cell stabilizer and a catalyst composition comprising at least one compound of either of the following formulas IA and IB: ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, methyl or hydroxymethyl. The preferred catalysts comprise 3-hydroxymethyl quinuclidine, 3-methyl-3-hydroxymethyl quinuclidine and 4-hydroxymethyl quinuclidine.

Abstract: An aqueous polymer composition comprising 10 to 40 wt % of a polymer in water, the polymer consisting essentially of 20-90 wt % .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, 10-80 wt % one or more softening monomers, the aqueous composition being adjusted to pH 4-6 with alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and further containing 0.1 to 3 wt % zirconium crosslinking salt. Such aqueous compositions can be applied to nonwoven and woven substrates to make superabsorbent products.

Abstract: A substantially solvent free aqueous two-component coating composition dispersion which, when applied to a substrate, cures to a film having properties of adhesion and bonding which are equal to or superior to films obtained from conventional solvent-based two-component polyurethane or epoxy systems. The first component is a combined aqueous polyol phase and an amine phase. The polyol phase a member consisting of an acid containing polyol or a blend of polyols containing an acid containing polyol such that the average hydroxyl functionality of the polyol phase is at least 1.5 and has an acid number of between about 15 and 200. The amine phase is an amine or blend of amines containing active hydrogens reactive with NCO groups such that the average active hydrogen functionality is at least 1.5. The amine phase is present in a quantity sufficient to substantially neutralize the acid containing polyols.

Abstract: An amine hardener composition for curing epoxy resin based coatings and related products comprising (A) from 5 to 75% of a diamine which possesses a vapor pressure less than about 133 Pascals at 20.degree. C., contains both a primary and a tertiary amine and corresponds to either of the structures: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; X is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, or --CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 --; and n is 2-6, (B) from 5 to 95% of a polyamide, amidoamine, Mannich base or cycloaliphatic amine curing agent; and (C) from 0 to 50% of other active hydrogen containing dismines or polyamines. Coatings based on the composition can be formulated at up to 100% solids, and have an excellent combination of pot life and dry speed.

Abstract: Diaminocarbonate compounds are disclosed which are particularly suitable as low-odor catalysts for the production of solid or cellular urethane polymers and/or urea polymers. The compounds are obtainable by reacting amino alcohols with alkyl carbonates.

Abstract: A curable epoxy resin composition comprising a polyepoxide resin and an amine curative characterized in that the amine curative comprises the reaction product of excess monomethylamine (MMA) and a polyglycidyl ether. When a diglycidyl ether is used in the reaction the resulting product can be described by the following structure: ##STR1## where R is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic organic radical and m is 0-3.

Abstract: This invention pertains to aqueous emulsions containing water insoluble, vinyl polymer particles containing polymerized Michael adduct units of N-vinylformamide and to emulsions of vinyl acetate polymers containing said Michael adducts. These latex dispersions are prepared by the emulsion polymerization of a Michael adduct of N-vinylformamide, optionally with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, e.g., vinyl acetate.The Michael adducts of N-vinylformamide are represented by the formula: ##STR1## where R is H or CH.sub.3, X=CN, O=CR.sub.1, O=COR.sub.1 or other electron withdrawing group such as SO.sub.3 M, SO.sub.3 R.sub.1 and NO.sub.2 wherein R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, arylalkyl, alkyloxy or aryl group containing between 1 and about 20 carbon atoms and substituted derivatives thereof and M is an ion.

Abstract: Novel unsaturated compounds comprising the 3-(N-vinylformamido)propionates and 2-methyl-3-(N-vinylformamido)propionates, or the corresponding propionamides, are obtained by the Michael addition reaction of N-vinylformamide with an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester. These compounds are useful as monomers in free radical polymerizations, particularly as components of photocurable coatings.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved two part, low VOC polyurethane coatings comprising a low viscosity polyisocyanate component having an isocyanate functionality greater than two and a polyol component having a functionality equal to or greater than two. The improvement resides in the utilization of a unique isocyanate component in the two part polyurethane coating formulation. The isocyanate component comprises said low viscosity polyisocyanate component and an isocyanate terminated or end capped prepolymer formed by the reaction of a diisocyanate and a multifunctional polyol, the prepolymer having at least about 85 preferably 90 percent by weight of a 2:1 adduct of isocyanate to polyol (NCO/OH) and less than about 1 and preferably less than about 0.5% by weight of residual diisocyanate monomer therein.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam from a polyol and a polyisocyanate, it is possible to prepare rigid polyurethane foam by using an aqueous polymer emulsion comprising a polymer of ethylenically unsaturated monomers whereby the amount of chlorofluorocarbon used can be decreased or eliminated.

Abstract: A water based, solvent free, two component polyurethane-polyurea dispersion containing up to 65% solids. The first component is a polyester-polyol phase and an aqueous amine phase mixture. The polyester-polyol is a combination of modified polyester-polyols, low viscosity polyether or polyester-polyols, chain extending low molecular weight polyols, neutralizing amines and a detergent. It has a solids content of 90-100% and is totally hydroxyl functional with a carboxylic acid number of 10 and 50, an hydroxyl number of 180 and 300, an equivalent weight range of 165 and 365 and a viscosity of 600-1500 cps at 25.degree. C. The amine phase is an combination of neutralizing and chain extending amines having ratios preformulated to provide a balanced chain extending cross-linking reaction in aqueous phase with --NCO reactive groups. The aqueous amine blend has an equivalent weight of 40 to 50 and a solids content of 40-60%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a condensate drain device suitable for use in high pressure systems where liquid condensate is removed. The device, through use of a wicking disk, allows removal of the condensate from the system without significant reduction in pressure or interruption of the system. There are no moving parts in the device thereby allowing continuous operation of the condensate drain without interruption.

Abstract: This invention relates to ethoxylated acetylenic glycol compositions represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein m and n are integers and the sum is from 4-12. These ethoxylated acetylenic diols are excellent as surfactants alone or admixed with other surfactants for use in water borne coatings.