Abstract: The invention concerns a method which consists in processing in a central unit (4) the digitized image (1) obtained by sensing noisy radiation. The image (1) is considered as a table of pixel intensity values, which is broken down into p elementary tables of n pixels so as to subsequently order them into a processing table with p lines of n columns; applying to said table a factorial analysis method, to deduce therefrom the n significant factors; then reconstituting a reconstructed processing table taking into account the most significant factors, and in deducing therefrom a reconstituted image wherein the high-frequency noise is reduced, maintaining a satisfactory contrast.

Abstract: An insertion device for an intra-ocular lens (IOL) has a bilaminar, lubricious coating on the surface which contacts the IOL as it is being inserted into the eye. The bilaminar coating includes a highly lubricious top coat, and a polymeric base coat which is both highly adherent to the surface of the insertion device, and which has functional groups capable of grafting the base coat to the top coat. In its completed form, the bilaminar coating is essentially permanent, and exceedingly lubricious when wet, allowing the IOL to be advanced smoothly and without damage through the insertion device. The top coat may include hyaluronan, or another material capable of providing the required lubricity.

Abstract: A connector according to the invention comprises a hollow needle fastened to a body. A first tubular receptacle provided with a first foil surrounds a first end section of the needle. A second tubular receptacle provided with a second foil surrounds a second end section of the needle. The tubular receptacles are able to slide on the body. The holding sleeve moves the body toward the first foil over a first piercing stroke to pierce it, and then moves the second foil toward the body over a second piercing stroke to pierce it. In this way there may be obtained simultaneous piercing of the foils and foils or stoppers of containers such as flasks or sachets pressed against the foils, to provide a connection under optimum conditions of sterility.

Abstract: An air dehydration membrane is made of a hydrophilic polymer having a permeability for water vapor which is greater than its permeability for air, and having low selectivity between oxygen and nitrogen. The membrane has a hydrophilic coating, which itself may be a polymer. The coating does not affect the selectivity of the coated membrane with respect to oxygen and nitrogen, but does increase selectivity of the membrane with respect to water vapor. A preferred material for the membrane is polysulfone. Preferred materials for the coating are poly vinyl alcohol and Triton X-100. The membrane is selected such that the dominant mechanism for gas flow through the membrane is Knudsen flow. The membranes are made at low cost, and can outperform existing commercial membranes in either volumetric productivity or product recovery.

Abstract: A game including a playing area divided into a plurality of spaces, and sets of game pieces with each set associated with different players or teams. The players or teams execute strategically selected instructions, such as move, stack and flip, to position their game pieces in the spaces. The first player or team to place their game pieces on spaces such that top game pieces of stacks form a predetermined design, such as a vertical, horizontal or diagonal row, wins the game. The game allows players flexibility to select rules to adjust the skill level of the game.

Abstract: A skimmer for a pool includes a skimmer guard that is installed by friction only, and without the use of separate fasteners. The skimmer guard includes a perforated plate which acts as a strainer, preventing debris from the pool from entering the skimmer. The skimmer guard is inserted into gap between heads of a double-headed screw which is permanently screwed into the pool wall. The skimmer guard can be removed, and re-installed, simply by sliding the skimmer guard out of, or into, the gap. The skimmer guard can therefore be removed and re-installed without the use of separate fasteners, and without the use of tools. The skimmer guard can be removed and replaced with a non-perforated cover, at the end of the swimming season.

Abstract: A horseshoe includes a thin, resilient member, embedded in a moldable material such as plastic or composite. Due to this dual construction, the horseshoe is strong yet light in weight. The moldable material has a thickness which varies across the horseshoe, so as to define a cavity in the space between the shoe and the horse's hoof. A channel, formed in the moldable material, provides access to the cavity, which can be filled with a medicated material after the shoe has been attached to the hoof. In an alternative embodiment, a source of current can be connected across the ends of the resilient member, causing the resilient member to function as a resistance heater, which can melt an adhesive used to attach the shoe to the hoof. The latter alternative can also be practiced with conventional all-metal horseshoes, or with an insulating horseshoe that is provided with an external conductive element.

Abstract: A solar-powered aircraft uses solar energy to electrolyze on-board water to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen fills various on-board tanks, causing the aircraft to become lighter than air. The hydrogen is also used to operate a fuel cell which provides power for electrical equipment, including a motor for turning a propeller. Water produced as waste by the fuel cell is recycled for use in the production of hydrogen. When hydrogen is removed from the tanks, either because it is consumed by the fuel cell or because it is compressed and pumped out of the tanks, air returns to the tanks, and the aircraft becomes heavier than air. The aircraft can thus be made to climb and descend by making it lighter than air, or heavier than air. The aircraft emits no harmful substances into the environment. The aircraft can remain aloft indefinitely, limited only by an insignificant amount of leakage of hydrogen and water.

Abstract: A programmed computer analyzes data from a mass spectrometer. A spectrum corresponding to an unknown sample is perturbed in various ways, and each perturbed spectrum is compared with the spectrum of a known or reference substance. The perturbed spectrum having the highest correlation with the known spectrum, and which is also physically plausible, is considered to be the best fit. The method indicates in what specific ways the unknown sample differs from, or is similar to, the known substance.

Abstract: A pet feeder includes a base and a lid, the base defining a bowl and the lid defining a reservoir. The base and lid are connected by a hinge, such that the lid can be retained in an open position. Solid food or liquid flows from the reservoir, through a valve, into the bowl. In the case of liquid, the supply of liquid in the bowl is continuously replenished due to the flow of liquid, by gravity, into the bowl. In another embodiment, the feeder may include a single base and separate bowls and separate lids, so that the feeder may provide both solid food and liquid simultaneously. When the lid is closed, the pet feeder becomes a compact structure that can be easily stored and transported.

Abstract: A skimmer for a pool includes a skimmer guard that is installed by friction only, and without the use of separate fasteners. In one embodiment, the skimmer guard includes a perforated portion surrounded by a peripheral lip, the lip being shaped for engagement with a flange formed on a frame mounted to a skimmer opening. The skimmer guard is inserted onto the flange, and thus prevents debris from entering the skimmer. In another embodiment, the skimmer guard includes a perforated face plate and a plug, the plug being sized for frictional engagement with a skimmer opening. In all cases, the skimmer guard is inserted without the use of separate fasteners, and without the use of tools. The skimmer guard can be removed and replaced with a non-perforated version, at the end of the swimming season.

Abstract: A compact steam reformer produces hydrogen to power a fuel cell, such as can be used in a vehicle. The steam reformer includes a first channel, at least partly coated with a steam reforming catalyst, and a second channel, at least partly coated with a combustion catalyst, the channels being in thermal contact with each other. Heat from the combustion is used in the steam reforming reaction. In another embodiment, the gas streams feeding the reforming and combustion channels pass through a valve which reverses the gas streams periodically. The combustion channel becomes the reforming channel, and vice versa, so that carbon deposits in the former reforming channel are burned off. This arrangement enables the reforming reaction to continue indefinitely at peak efficiency.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is formed of a strip of corrugated material that is folded back and forth upon itself to define a stack. Cut pieces of corrugated material are inserted within the folds of the strip, such that the corrugations of the cut pieces are generally perpendicular to the corrugations of the folded strip. A set of duct attachments holds the assembly together, and provides paths for fluid flowing into and out of the exchanger. The ends of the stack, and those parts of the sides that are not spanned by the duct attachments, are sealed with a high-temperature sealant. The sealant is preferably a moldable material that is applied and allowed to harden, and which has a coefficient of thermal expansion that approximates that of the stack. The heat exchanger is easy and inexpensive to manufacture, but is suitable for use in high-temperature applications.

Abstract: A wireless remote control system enables precise control of a yacht, or other vessel, from virtually any point on the yacht. A hand-held transmitter includes various switches for controlling the engines, thrusters, and/or anchor winch. A receiver, mounted on the yacht, receives signals from the transmitter. The receiver generates outputs that are connected to the existing electronic controls of the yacht. Thus, the receiver is connected in parallel with the conventional electronic controls of the yacht, and the system acts in addition to, and not instead of, the conventional control system. The system can thus be installed on existing vessels without modification of such vessels. An acoustic alarm signal is generated by the receiver when radio communication between the transmitter and receiver is severed.

Abstract: Aluminum cable type electrical conductor having at least one stranded conductor based on conductive wires with an aluminum core coated with an intermediate layer of copper itself coated by a surface layer of nickel. The surface layer of nickel has a thickness from about 1.3 ?m to about 3 ?m, it has sufficient continuity to resist a polysulfide bath continuity test for at least 30 seconds without visible traces of attack of the copper appearing at ×1O magnification. This kind of conductor is particularly suitable in small diameters for conducting electricity in aircraft and motor vehicles.

Abstract: A vertebral column support device is assembled by means of clamping. The device includes bone screw- or hook-type vertebrae anchoring elements, the elements consisting of a threaded cylindrical part (5) and a stop collar (7). A fixing nut (8) can be screwed on the threaded cylindrical part (5) in order to fix a connecting sliding piece (4) which is mounted on a securing rod (3) having a circular section. In order to insure that the rod (3) and the connecting sliding piece (4) are secure, the securing rod (3) is clamped in a transverse groove (17) in the connecting sliding piece (4) using a clamp screw (21) and a little clamp (22) which is mounted in the corner of the groove. In this way, the inventive device is more rigid and can better support the vertebrae and, moreover, the device can be positioned and adjusted much more easily.

Abstract: A pet feeder includes a base and a lid, the base defining a bowl and the lid defining a reservoir. The base and lid are connected by a hinge, such that the lid can be retained in an open position. Solid food or liquid flows from the reservoir, through a valve, into the bowl. In the case of liquid, the supply of liquid in the bowl is continuously replenished due to the flow of liquid, by gravity, into the bowl. In another embodiment, the feeder may include a single base and separate bowls and separate lids, so that the feeder may provide both solid food and liquid simultaneously. When the lid is closed, the pet feeder becomes a compact structure that can be easily stored and transported.

Abstract: A monolith for imparting swirl to a gas stream includes a stack of alternating flat and corrugated strips defining channels for gas flow. The strips are attached, at an angle, to a carrier. Also, the corrugations of the corrugated strips may be skewed. The carrier defines a cylindrical shell for the strips, and the strips extend from the carrier to a central region. The strips are curved, typically having substantially the shape of involutes, and substantially fill the space between the central region and the shell. Due to the angle of attachment between the strips and the carrier, the gas flow channels are oriented in different directions, at different locations on the outlet face of the monolith. This structure therefore imparts swirl to gas flowing through the monolith.