Abstract: An aqueous silver sulfide sol is prepared which has an absorption spectrum such that its optical density at 360 nm is at least 100 times its optical density at 700 nm. The sol is ultrafine in particle size and is useful for the chemical sensitization of silver halide emulsions and for the preparation of development layers for the silver complex diffusion transfer copying process or the production of optical filters.

Abstract: A sandwich of sheet material and a plastic film on at least one side thereof is laminated together by advancing the sandwich in one direction between an opposed pair of rigid heating and pressure plates having mutually facing planar surfaces for contacting the sides of the sandwich. The plates of the pair being biased together under a pressure which increases in the direction of the sandwich advance while the pressure level across the plates transverse to the direction of advance at any locus along the plates is substantially uniform, and passing the thus heated and compressed sandwich between the nip of a pair of pressure rollers to complete welding of the sandwich together.

Abstract: The processibility during fabrication of a vinyl chloride polymer is improved by reducing the melt viscosity of the polymer when heated for shaping, by the admixture therewith of a small amount up to about 5% by wt of at least one melt-compatible normally crystalline solid solvent as a processing aid. At temperatures below the melting point of the solid solvent and the glass transition temperature of the polymer, the solid solvent deposits within the solid polymer as microdispersed solid microparticles which do not significantly adversely affect the mechanical properties of the solid polymer, whereas upon heating above the melt temperature of the mixture, the molten solid solvent is compatible with the molten polymer thereby effectively reducing its melt temperatures and melt viscosity during processing. Solid solvents found suitabe for vinyl chloride polymers are saturated carboxylic acids and their low molecular weight derivatives which have a crystalline melting point of at least about 80.degree. C.

Abstract: A clock with a movable moon display having an improved moon dial in which a moon replica plate is associated integrally with the moon dial in spaced recessed relation to a round opening in the dial so that the moon replica takes on a shadowed illusion of depth while moving bodily with the dial transit of the display. This shadowed illusion can be disirably emphasized or enhanced by the provision within the clock housing of a source of illumination impinging on the display.

Abstract: A process for the production of a heat-mode recording material by coating in a sealed zone maintained under vacuum conditions a web support with a heat-mode recording layer of vapor depositable material and within the sealed zone laminating a protective organic resin layer in web form by means of an adhesive layer onto the supported heat-mode recording layer. The web support moves within the sealed zone from a delivery reel to a take-up roll with the recording layer deposited thereon in a region between the rolls and the protective layer is laminated over the recording layer before the coated web support is collected on the take-up rolls.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing assembly having a first feed passage for feeding developing material in a first direction, a second feed passage for feeding the developing material in a direction opposite to the first direction. A helical feed screw in the first feed passage, a helical supply screw in the second feed passsage for supplying part of the developing material to a developing sleeve, a connection between both sets of adjacent ends of such feed passages for permitting the developing material to circulate between the passages, wherein the feed screw and supply screw are disposed in parallel relation and the supply screw is provided with buckets around its periphery, the supply screw having a helical blade for advancing developing material in the second feed passage axially thereof while the buckets move the material circumferentially. Preferably, the radius of the helical blade reaches to at least one-half the depth of the buckets.

Abstract: A standard test specimen for optical emission spectrochemical analysis is prepared by molding into the specimen body finely divided particles consisting essentially of the metal or metal alloy to be analyzed without melting the same and preferably by plastic deformation of such particles. The resultant specimen is homogeneous throughout and stable in quality so that accurate analysis of any of its elements is possible and the suitability of the test material for a given product can be accurately predicted.

Abstract: An electrolytic silver recovery system for recovering silver from photographic fixing solutions, by means of an electrolytic cell (28) having an anode (52) and a cathode (53), and circulation pumps (29a, 29b) for removing solution from the cell and returning it to the cell, which device comprises a hydrocyclone (56) located in the liquid path (55) from the cell to the suction side of the pumps and connected at its outlet directly to the suction side of the pumps. The suction pressure of the circulating pump maintains a low pressure differential of less than about 0.6 bar between the inlet and outlet of the hydrocyclone which establishes the liquid flow through the hydrocyclone.

Abstract: A method of growing a GaAs crystalline layer on a Si substrate by means of which mechanical stresses causing microcracks in the materials when cooled due to the difference in their thermal coefficients are reduced and the location of the microcrack is controlled to predetermined sites. Microcracks are deliberately induced in the GaAs layer at locations where the operation of the ultimate electronic device created on the material is not affected by applying to the substrate a SiO.sub.2 mask providing a deposition opening or window for the GaAs layer, which masks defines along the opening boundary at least one vertex in the cleavage direction of the GaAs crystals. The vertices in the mask create notches in the periphery of the deposited layer which determines the location of any microcracks.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy substrate for a lithographic printing plate consisting essentially of an aluminum alloy plate containing 0.2 to 0.5% by weight of Si, 0.3 to 0.7% by weight of Fe, 0.004 to 0.02% by weight of Cu, 0.9 to 1.5% by weight of Mn, 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of Mg and 0.01 to 0.04% by weight of Ti and the balance of Al and impurities, in which the surface of said aluminum alloy plate is roughened electrolytically and anodized. The alluminum alloy substrate has high mechanical strength and can also rapidly print a large number of copies with less stain.

Abstract: An image-reproducing apparatus of the internal drum type, in which a linear slide (33) with a reproducing head (32) with a rotatable beam reflector (27), is arranged for translation along two guides in the form of two glass rods (39,43), the sliding contact of the slide with one rod being a two-point (40,41) and with the other rod being a one-point (55) contact.

Abstract: A process for cooling a heated polymer film by applying to both surfaces of the heated film, a cooling liquid adapted for wetting contact with the film surfaces. The viscosity of the layers of liquid adhering to the film surfaces is significantly reduced to facilitate removal of such liquid layers. The viscosity can be reduced by significantly raising the temperature of the adhering liquid layers after the film has been sufficiently cooled or by changing the adhering liquid to a different liquid of lower viscosity. Preferably, the liquid layers are removed for the film surfaces by conveying the liquid carrying film upwardly to cause the liquid layers to each form into a generally triangular shape with the vertex extending upwardly and blowing air stream downwardly against each such vertex.

Abstract: A halftone dot image pattern is formed on a support comprising a paper base, a polyolefin layer on at least one side of said paper base in a coverage in the range of 5 to 40 g/m2, on the opposite side of the polyolefin layer a binder layer comprising a hydrophilic colloid binding agent and white titanium dioxide pigment particles having an average grain size in the range of 200 nm to 450 nm, said pigment particles being present in a coverage of at least 0.5 g per m2 up to 300% by wt of the total binder contents. The half tone dot image pattern is on the exterior side of the binder layer and is a halftone relief image pattern having at least color pigmented gelatin-containing layer, preferably three or four such layers of different colors; e.g., cyan, magenta, yellow and optionally black. The resultant halftone material has a controlled visual appearance; e.g., for color proofing purposes, especially with respect to dot gain.

Abstract: A measuring strip for evaluating the quality of photographic half tone images which contains on a transparent base a test field (F) divided into at least two sub-fields, wherein (1) a first sub-field (F.sub.1) contains a plurality of individual areas each containing a group of opaque dots, wherein each individual area has dots of substantially equal size uniformly distributed in a transparent background area, and wherein (2) a second sub-field (F.sub.

Abstract: Sheet material including a cellulose acetate temporary support carrying thereon a continuous strippable layer. The strippable layer is a non-photosensitive layer containing a coverage of at most 20 g/m.sup.2 gelatin hardened to a degree corresponding to the addition of at least 0.001 g of formaldehyde per g of gelatin. Transfer of the strippable layer from the temporary support onto an image material having e.g. an imaged hydrophilic colloid layer or relief pattern given improved gloss control and optical dot gain control for such image material.

Abstract: A process for forming a line art of halftone multicolor colloid pattern involves the contact exposure in registration of different colored silver halide emulsion hydrophilic colloid layers each on a temporary support and the hardening development of the individual exposed silver halide emulsion layers in turn after each is transferred to a common intermediate support to form thereon a multi-layer assembly of reverse reading color relief images on top of each other. This assembly together with an underlying stripping layer from the intermediate support is transferred bodily onto a permanent support by adherence to an adhesive layer carried on the latter support to form thereon a right-reading multicolor image that may serve as a color proof.

Abstract: Process for the production of a laminated article including a sheet support bearing a silver image produced by the silver complex diffusion transfer process in a layer containing developement nuclei, wherein such supported image is heat-laminated with a protective thermoplastic resin layer of sheet that covers it. The heat-lamination of the nuclei-containing layer with the silver image therein takes place in the presence of at least one of certain heterocyclic black-toning agents which are effective to prevent degradation of the neutral black coloration and density loss of the silver image as a result of heat-lamination.

Abstract: A plasma forming electrode used in pairs disposed in mutually facing spaced parallel relation in a reduced pressure treating chamber, and between which a radio frequency current power is applied to produce a plasma, is formed from preferably highly pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and has a chromic acid anodic surface film layer thereon. It has greatly improved durability when used for plasma treatment in the presence of fluorine containing gas.

Abstract: A process of cooling a heated polyethylene terephthalate film by applying cooling liquid to both surfaces of the heated film and, after the temperature of the film has decreased sufficiently, removing the cooling liquid from the film, wherein the cooling liquid has a pH value between 6 and 3.

Abstract: Sheet material (4) is stretched transversely into longitudinally extending pleats by passage between intermeshing grooved rollers (A and B) having circularly or helically extending grooves in their surfaces. Each groove is formed of a base (6a,6b) and side walls (5a,5b) inclined outwardly to a peak (7a,7b). Portions of adjacent side walls (5a,5b) are parallel to one another. The peaks are less than about 3 mm apart and the film is stretched by the peaks and is compressed between the side walls by forcing the rollers together. The pleated material is generally then stretched longitudinally substantially to eliminate the pleats and it may then be again stretched transversely between a further set of intermeshing grooved rollers.