Abstract: A motorized machine with a “mutually definite units of energy for forced energy economy” (MDUFEE) gearbox family with a simplified shifting pattern of shifting mechanisms to cause a real gear dependence on mechanical inertia created by the weight of a load and a fast changeable resistant force in response to the movement. Each gearbox includes a sufficient number of gearsets with gear ratios selected from a faltering geometric sequence and arranged to provide a sufficient number of torques and overdrive speeds to the output shaft to satisfactorily operate the machine over a conventional range of machine speeds and at least limit the use of the acceleration system in the motor to reduce the heat and power generated from a the motor to less than 50 percent that used to generate a similar conventional range of machine speeds using a motor with a conventional gear box.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus that provides a complete body workout, folds up into a small footprint, and can be hidden inside of a closet or decorative cabinet. The apparatus has an arm assembly with two arms pivotally attached to a guide assembly that translates vertically within a frame assembly to a multitude of locations. At the free ends of the arms are cable ends that allow an exercise bar or handgrips to be attached to a resistance assembly. Rotating pulley assemblies there allow the cables to exit the arms freely. The cable ends move independently of each other, which simulates working out with free weights. A counterweight offsets the weight of the arm and guide assemblies to permit easy positioning of the arm assembly for different exercises. A counterweighted fold out seat assembly with lower member completes the versatile and compact workout station.

Abstract: An improved ionization source for a mass spectrometer is constructed of a subsurface of metal that has a smooth surface obtained by, for example, electropolishing, and an inert surface thin enough to have a surface finish opposing the subsurface that replicates that of the subsurface. Preferably the inert surface has a thickness that is less than 0.001 inches and is gold. Operation of a mass spectrometer with the improved ionization source results in reduced adsorption and reduced reactions between charged molecules or ions and metallic surfaces. Micro-machining of the subsurface metal before electropolishing enhances smoothness and decreases resulting debris collection on the improved ionization source. The improved ionization source remains serviceable for longer periods and is easier to clean and recondition for continued use as compared to known mass spectrometer ionization sources.

Abstract: A gearbox for maximizing the number of torques produced with the least loss of energy by using a geometric sequence of terms of ratios for the gears and having the separation in the degree of the common ratio uniform for all the gearsets between the same two shafts. The gearbox has high number of useable torques to gears plus shafts ratio. The gearbox can be used for gearboxes in any types of machines where torques or speeds are used.

Abstract: We have invented an improved apparatus for electronically measuring fluid flow. The apparatus includes a radiation detection means for indicating the position of a flow indicator in a chamber of a variable area flowmeter and has a reliability, versatility and functional accuracy not obtainable with known variable area flowmeters. The invention may also include a variable area flowmeter with the flow indicator in a tapered fluid flow chamber with a wall and a long axis, the chamber having a front side, a back side, and an operational length substantially parallel to the long axis. The invention has no moving parts and is not intrusive so mechanical malfunction and unwanted leaks can not occur. Useful embodiments include, for example, compact self contained apparatus useful for fitting around existing flowmeters, systems that include flowmeters and systems able to work with some fluids that are visually opaque.

Abstract: An improved ionization source for a mass spectrometer is constructed of stainless steel, electropolished, and electroplated with gold. Operation of a mass spectrometer with the improved ionization source results in reduced adsorption and reduced reactions between charged molecules or ions and metallic surfaces. Micro-machining before electropolishing enhances smoothness, brightness, passivation and inertness of the improved ionization source. Use of the electropolished, gold-electroplated stainless steel ionization source in a mass spectrometer reduces adsorption, degradation and decomposition of the analyte and reduces adverse ion/surface reactions, as compared to use of a conventional stainless steel ionization source. A method of reducing adsorption, degradation and decomposition of the analyte and reducing adverse ion/surface reactions in an ionization source containing an electropolished and gold-electroplated ionization source for a mass spectrometer is also disclosed.